http://cagle.msnbc.com/art/editorialcartoons/IsraelHamas.jpeg
This is a poltical cartoon that shows the circle in which Israel and Palestine (Hamas) are going in. They can never agree and negotiate because one is always not willing to negotiate. However this cartoon is bias and is showing support for Israel and blaming Hamas for killing peace (dove). Israel is displayed as a big bulldog fighting against a straggly cat. Israel has better weapons and resources than Hamas does, often times as learnde from class, Palestinians would often fight with rocks while the Israeli's had AK-47s to fight reprisal raids with. Israel is tied down in the cartonn and not going anywhere which I took as Israeli land issues and how they are claiming it's their land and they aren't moving. Another viewpoint that would add value would be that the rut that is being dug by running in a circle is only going to get deeper and that is shown today with all the other arising Middle East problems.
Tuesday, March 30, 2010
Monday, March 29, 2010
Crisis in the Middle East HW
What were the causes of tensions on Israeli's borders?
The border with Syria was embittered because Arabs were living in that area and the Syrians didn't mind and didn't like the fact that the Israeli's were trying to run them out, so shelling always occurred. The border between the Jordan and Israeli was full of tension because in Jordan Palestinian Arabs were given full rights but when in Israeli there were always reprisals and attacks on Arab villages which caused anger among the Arabs whom the Jordan tried to retain. The greatest killings and tension was between the border of Egypt and Israel in an area known as the Gaza Strip were many Palestinians were refugees the Fedayeen and Israeli reprisals happened often.
Why did many Egyptians resent the British presence in their country?
They resented them because they felt they were impeded on their independence. Egypt's history has been very strong and powerful and Britain stationed thousands of troops and used Egyptian labor to create the Suez Canal. Imperialism was not wanted in that country and Britain was bringing it to them.They felt they could only have their independence if the British left. Also they felt that the British was giving them terrible weapons and manipulating their government. Thus creating a weak government and they also put their defeat by Israel on the blame for Britain as well.
How was the Egyptian monarchy overruled?
Momentum was gained in secret within the army called the Free Officers. In July 1952 they struck overtaking key government buildings and announcing the success of the revolution over the radio. Popularity for the King dwindled and he was allowed to flee the country. The new leader believed that the removal of the king was priority along with the removal of British troops to form a stronger and free Egypt.
Why did the Israeli's attack Gaza?
Israel wanted to hit back on encouraging Palestinian raids: on Israel and to give Nasser a lesson and perhaps remove him from power. One way to get of Nasser was to show p his military weak, in 1955 Israeli troops ruined the Egyptian military headquarters in Gaza. Riots ensued and and humiliated Nasser leading to lack of strong leadership in Egypt. However Egyptian guerrillas attacked Israel with the help of Soviet troops. This was a shock to the the western countries because of the Soviet addition however they still felt they could control Nasser because he needed their money for the canal.
Why did Britain, France, and Israeli decide to attack Egypt?
Nasser announced that THEIR Suez Canal should be nationalized and run by them and use the profits to build the dam. he further stated the Britain and France could "go choke on their rags.' They were both furious over this comment and gave Israeli weapons to attack, they viewed Nasser as Hitler of the Nile. France also accused Egypt with aiding the Algerians for their fight for independence against France.
What happened in the Suez Wars?
In Oct 1956 Israeli forces invaded Egypt, the next day Britain and France ordered Egypt and Israel to withdraw 10 miles from the canal and if either side refused then they would use force. Israeli's being far enough away agreed however Egyptians refused stating it was their territory. Oct 31 British and French troops bombed Egypt. Egypt responded by sinking ships. At the UN, they condemned the west for invading stopped all oil shipments to the west.The US even condemned the actions of the British, they even threatened to cut off aid to Britain if they continued due to wanting to improve relations with the Arabs. This would devastate the British economy and the Soviet Union went further saying they would invade. On Nov 6'th the UN stated an ceasefire and made the French and Britain to withdraw troops. The UN sent in emergency troops to the canal.
Who won and lost the Suez Canal?
Nasser became the hero of the Arab world because he "showed the British and French" and gained full control over the Suez Canal. Egypt did lose territory but they could claim that the only reason they lost was because Israel had British and French control. The Israeli's proved that they had the strongest military power in the Middle East. The undoubted losers of the war were Britain and France because they had lost control of the canal and of the influence of the Arab world.
How did Israel develop into a strong, modern nation state?
They had the backing of the Israeli army molding their nation and being the back bone of its security so they became very strong after countless amounts of invasions they fought off. Experiance in the army gave the Jews an identity in the Israel. Vast new industries were built and made Israel richer and stronger in the 1950's and 60's. With aid from the US and Germany paying them in reparations they had enough money to aid them into becoming a stronger state. The level of skills and education that was being produced in Israel also helped in strenghting the Israeli state.
What part did Fatah play in the developing conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbours?
The Arabs aim in the PLO was to get back lost Palestian territory from 1948-9 and a guerilla group called Fatah carried out the first raid on Israel. Syrians provided weapons and support of this group and raids were constant with the fatah on Israel but never without a reprisal attack on Israel. Syria later stepped up their attack and 'made' Egypt join an alliance with the PLO and this ensured that if one Arab country got attacked they would all retailte.
Who was to blame for the outbreak of war in June 1967?
By public opinion it could be seen that Israel was to blame since they were the first to officially strike (tractor incident and air raids on Jordan, Syria, and Egypt destoying their airfields). However the Arab countries were provaking attackes and it was a push and shove situtation where the Arab countries all join together so Israel needs a means of defense so they therefore did the following action above.
The border with Syria was embittered because Arabs were living in that area and the Syrians didn't mind and didn't like the fact that the Israeli's were trying to run them out, so shelling always occurred. The border between the Jordan and Israeli was full of tension because in Jordan Palestinian Arabs were given full rights but when in Israeli there were always reprisals and attacks on Arab villages which caused anger among the Arabs whom the Jordan tried to retain. The greatest killings and tension was between the border of Egypt and Israel in an area known as the Gaza Strip were many Palestinians were refugees the Fedayeen and Israeli reprisals happened often.
Why did many Egyptians resent the British presence in their country?
They resented them because they felt they were impeded on their independence. Egypt's history has been very strong and powerful and Britain stationed thousands of troops and used Egyptian labor to create the Suez Canal. Imperialism was not wanted in that country and Britain was bringing it to them.They felt they could only have their independence if the British left. Also they felt that the British was giving them terrible weapons and manipulating their government. Thus creating a weak government and they also put their defeat by Israel on the blame for Britain as well.
How was the Egyptian monarchy overruled?
Momentum was gained in secret within the army called the Free Officers. In July 1952 they struck overtaking key government buildings and announcing the success of the revolution over the radio. Popularity for the King dwindled and he was allowed to flee the country. The new leader believed that the removal of the king was priority along with the removal of British troops to form a stronger and free Egypt.
Why did the Israeli's attack Gaza?
Israel wanted to hit back on encouraging Palestinian raids: on Israel and to give Nasser a lesson and perhaps remove him from power. One way to get of Nasser was to show p his military weak, in 1955 Israeli troops ruined the Egyptian military headquarters in Gaza. Riots ensued and and humiliated Nasser leading to lack of strong leadership in Egypt. However Egyptian guerrillas attacked Israel with the help of Soviet troops. This was a shock to the the western countries because of the Soviet addition however they still felt they could control Nasser because he needed their money for the canal.
Why did Britain, France, and Israeli decide to attack Egypt?
Nasser announced that THEIR Suez Canal should be nationalized and run by them and use the profits to build the dam. he further stated the Britain and France could "go choke on their rags.' They were both furious over this comment and gave Israeli weapons to attack, they viewed Nasser as Hitler of the Nile. France also accused Egypt with aiding the Algerians for their fight for independence against France.
What happened in the Suez Wars?
In Oct 1956 Israeli forces invaded Egypt, the next day Britain and France ordered Egypt and Israel to withdraw 10 miles from the canal and if either side refused then they would use force. Israeli's being far enough away agreed however Egyptians refused stating it was their territory. Oct 31 British and French troops bombed Egypt. Egypt responded by sinking ships. At the UN, they condemned the west for invading stopped all oil shipments to the west.The US even condemned the actions of the British, they even threatened to cut off aid to Britain if they continued due to wanting to improve relations with the Arabs. This would devastate the British economy and the Soviet Union went further saying they would invade. On Nov 6'th the UN stated an ceasefire and made the French and Britain to withdraw troops. The UN sent in emergency troops to the canal.
Who won and lost the Suez Canal?
Nasser became the hero of the Arab world because he "showed the British and French" and gained full control over the Suez Canal. Egypt did lose territory but they could claim that the only reason they lost was because Israel had British and French control. The Israeli's proved that they had the strongest military power in the Middle East. The undoubted losers of the war were Britain and France because they had lost control of the canal and of the influence of the Arab world.
How did Israel develop into a strong, modern nation state?
They had the backing of the Israeli army molding their nation and being the back bone of its security so they became very strong after countless amounts of invasions they fought off. Experiance in the army gave the Jews an identity in the Israel. Vast new industries were built and made Israel richer and stronger in the 1950's and 60's. With aid from the US and Germany paying them in reparations they had enough money to aid them into becoming a stronger state. The level of skills and education that was being produced in Israel also helped in strenghting the Israeli state.
What part did Fatah play in the developing conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbours?
The Arabs aim in the PLO was to get back lost Palestian territory from 1948-9 and a guerilla group called Fatah carried out the first raid on Israel. Syrians provided weapons and support of this group and raids were constant with the fatah on Israel but never without a reprisal attack on Israel. Syria later stepped up their attack and 'made' Egypt join an alliance with the PLO and this ensured that if one Arab country got attacked they would all retailte.
Who was to blame for the outbreak of war in June 1967?
By public opinion it could be seen that Israel was to blame since they were the first to officially strike (tractor incident and air raids on Jordan, Syria, and Egypt destoying their airfields). However the Arab countries were provaking attackes and it was a push and shove situtation where the Arab countries all join together so Israel needs a means of defense so they therefore did the following action above.
Thursday, March 25, 2010
Crisis in the Middle East
Crisis in the Middle East p. 3-9
What was the Jewish claim to Palestine?
The Jews claim to to Palestine was:
* they had been dispersed throughout Europe since biblical times, therefore needing a homeland (returning to their homeland)
*Anto-Semitism contributed to the growth of Zionism (done with persection)
* Jews traditionally prayed for the "Next year in Jersalualem ( it was their promise land)
*Balfour Declartion gave sympathy to the Jews on finding a homeland.
What was the importance of the Balfour Declaration?
The importance of the Balfour Declartion is that it was gave false pretenses to the Zionist who believed that Britian gave them support on Palestine being their national community. With this declartion the west became directly involved in the Arab-Isreali crisis. Many blame this document on the the tradegies adn war. However this document gave ideas to the Isreali's on how things's would come about and little did they realize the wording of the document didn't say state but rather homeland. It would cause a major rift in relationships with the Arabs because they had had confidence that a world power of the west was backing them up.
What was the Arab claim to Palestine?
*Muhammad and his followers swept the Middle East taking land and they did overtake Palestine and felt it was theirs
* The Arabs form the majority of the population there and feel it's their home due to more population
* Letters from Britian's High Commissionar in Egypt gave them his countries support in independece and alliance in creating a homeland.
To what extent was WWI a turning point in the struggle for Arab independence?
The turning point is when they recieved letters from Britian's High Commisioner about their sympathy towards their need for a homeland and stated that they would "be prepared and support the Arab independence. With this documetn it gave the assitance of Britian to the Arabs. With their support they were able to defeat the Ottamon Empire and become free to create their own homeland.
Why did Britain and France want mandates in the Middle East?
*Britian needed a strong alliance with France because the war with Gewrmany was going badly
* Both countries had extensive trading links with countries in the Middle East
* Britian wanted to protec the Suez Canal which was jointly owned and operated by the French. This canal was Britian's main route to their empire in India and oil fields in the Persian Gulf. Britian also controlled Egypt so they saw Palestine as a buffer zone to protect the canal and the route to the east
SO the Britsh and France wanted to matian power and influence in the Midlle East so they crated the Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916
What was the Jewish claim to Palestine?
The Jews claim to to Palestine was:
* they had been dispersed throughout Europe since biblical times, therefore needing a homeland (returning to their homeland)
*Anto-Semitism contributed to the growth of Zionism (done with persection)
* Jews traditionally prayed for the "Next year in Jersalualem ( it was their promise land)
*Balfour Declartion gave sympathy to the Jews on finding a homeland.
What was the importance of the Balfour Declaration?
The importance of the Balfour Declartion is that it was gave false pretenses to the Zionist who believed that Britian gave them support on Palestine being their national community. With this declartion the west became directly involved in the Arab-Isreali crisis. Many blame this document on the the tradegies adn war. However this document gave ideas to the Isreali's on how things's would come about and little did they realize the wording of the document didn't say state but rather homeland. It would cause a major rift in relationships with the Arabs because they had had confidence that a world power of the west was backing them up.
What was the Arab claim to Palestine?
*Muhammad and his followers swept the Middle East taking land and they did overtake Palestine and felt it was theirs
* The Arabs form the majority of the population there and feel it's their home due to more population
* Letters from Britian's High Commissionar in Egypt gave them his countries support in independece and alliance in creating a homeland.
To what extent was WWI a turning point in the struggle for Arab independence?
The turning point is when they recieved letters from Britian's High Commisioner about their sympathy towards their need for a homeland and stated that they would "be prepared and support the Arab independence. With this documetn it gave the assitance of Britian to the Arabs. With their support they were able to defeat the Ottamon Empire and become free to create their own homeland.
Why did Britain and France want mandates in the Middle East?
*Britian needed a strong alliance with France because the war with Gewrmany was going badly
* Both countries had extensive trading links with countries in the Middle East
* Britian wanted to protec the Suez Canal which was jointly owned and operated by the French. This canal was Britian's main route to their empire in India and oil fields in the Persian Gulf. Britian also controlled Egypt so they saw Palestine as a buffer zone to protect the canal and the route to the east
SO the Britsh and France wanted to matian power and influence in the Midlle East so they crated the Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916
Monday, March 22, 2010
IRL 16
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbUgUJuI6Ak
I found this video to be very interesting because Fidel Castro's ideology is seen clearly through Barbara Walsh's interview. This video interview from ABC is very reliable since it's a direct source. This relates to the Cold War and what we are learning now because Castro's ideology of socialism is still at hand and it can be used to better our understanding because the issues we're discussing in class can be seen in the future through this video. Not having freedom of speech and it's interesting how Castro tries to veer off from Barbara's question of the protests since he knows a violent reaction from the government would entail. The concept of the resentment and bickering ways of the US and Cuba are still seen today and in this video.
I found this video to be very interesting because Fidel Castro's ideology is seen clearly through Barbara Walsh's interview. This video interview from ABC is very reliable since it's a direct source. This relates to the Cold War and what we are learning now because Castro's ideology of socialism is still at hand and it can be used to better our understanding because the issues we're discussing in class can be seen in the future through this video. Not having freedom of speech and it's interesting how Castro tries to veer off from Barbara's question of the protests since he knows a violent reaction from the government would entail. The concept of the resentment and bickering ways of the US and Cuba are still seen today and in this video.
Tuesday, March 16, 2010
SGQ 14
IBHL1 SGQ14
Guiding questions:
Why did the Cold War spread from Europe to other parts of the world after 1950?
Analyse the part played by Cuba in the development of the Cold War.
MWH p. 147-149 and 162-165
A. Why did Castro come to power? (p. 147)
1. Why did many Cubans resent America?
a. US rescued Cuba from Spanish control, US troops came in to keep stability and financial aid and investment kept the Cuban economy ticking
b. The US controlled the Cuban economy, US companies held controlling interests in all Cuban industries (sugar, tobacco, phone system, railways, electricity)
c. The US was the main market for Cuba's exports of which sugar was by far the most important
2. Economic problems
a. USA controlled economy (US companies controlled interests in all Cuban industries, sugar, tobacco) and the US was the main market for exports
b.Cuba was too dependent on the exports of sugar, and the wealth of the country was concentrated in the hands of few
c. unemployment was a major issue
3. Why was there no effective political system?
Because Batista, a leading politician seized power in a military coup and began to rule as a dictator. He introduced no reforms, and according to historian he "spent more time dealing with private affairs and his foreign fortunes, having too little time for the affairs of the state." He was a corrupt and his regime was very brutal.
4. How did Castro rise to prominence?
A peaceful social revolution wasn't the prospect so the country resorted to a violent revolution. The leader of this was Fidel Castro, he wanted to rid Cuba of Batista and corruption, and to to introduce limited land reforms so that all peasants would receive some land. Castro resorted to guerrilla warfare and sabotage in the cities. They gained support through carrying through with Castro's land reform policy.
5. How did the revolution eventually play out?
a. Bastista's actions - He took savage reprisals against guerrillas, torturing and murdering suspects. Morale in Batista's poorly paid army began to crumble, they weren't able to destroy Castro's forces.
b. USA's role - The US became embarrassed by Batista's behavior and so they cut off armed supplies, this was a blow to the dictators
B. What was the revolution's effect on Cuba's foreign relations?
1. with the USA - The US gave him a chance however he enraged the USA by nationalizing American-owned estates and factories. President Eisenhower threatened to stop importing Cuban sugar, forcing Castro to sign an agreement with the USSR. When the US carried out the threat Cuba confiscated all remaining US property
2. with the USSR -
When the US carried out the threat the USSR promised to buy Cuban sugar. Also they were provided economic aid.
3. with other Latin American countries -
They expelled Cuba from the organization of America States, which made Cuba more dependent on the USSR.
C. Castro's domestic problems
1. economic issues
a. dependent on the US then the USSR in terms of economy
b. corrupt government
c. social reform; education
2. attempted solutions
a. diversify industrial and agricultural output but it was disappointing
b. economy boosted by tourism
c.Venezuela government agreed to provide Cuba with oil at good prices
3. successes
a. tourism boosted economy
b. Venezuela gave oil and it was at a good price
c. USSR bought Cuban sugar
D. Reasons for detente (p.162)
1. issues for the USSR
a.keeping up with the US, in terms of expenses
b. economic difficulties
c. there was unrest in terms of Poland destabilize the communist bloc
2. issues for the US
there must be a better way to deal with the coping of communism because the issue in Vietnam it wasn't working well. They realized there were limits to their military strength, they were thinking that 'isolationism' was a good way to resort.
3. issues for China
They were anxious about isolation, nervous about US attentions in Vietnam. They also weren't happy about their worsening relations with the USSR.
4. issues for Western Europe
They said they worried about being on the front lines if a nuclear war occurred. They wanted to improve relations with Eastern Europe( Ostpolik)
e. What was the nature of detente between the US and the USSR?
1. arms limitations -they agreed upon how many ABMs, ICBMs, and SLBMs each side could have. It however slowed down the arms race but not how many arms could be contained.
2. Helsinki Agreement -
This showed recognition of European frontiers which had been established in WW2. The communists countries promised to allow their peoples "human rights" including freedom of speech and freedom to leave the country.
3. what setbacks prevented further cooperation?
a. NATO became nervous due to the deployment of 150 new Russian SS-20 missiles. Therefore NATO deployed their troops, in order for the security of not having an attack on W. Europe from Russia.
b. the US senate decided to not except a SALT 2 treaty in which would have limited the numbers of MIRVS
c. Russia invaded Afghanistan and replaced the president with somebody in which they believed to be more adequate and so all the old western suspicions of Russian motives returned
4. summarize the arms race during the 1980s:
Both sides spent the first hald of the 1980s building up their nuclear arsenals, and the US President Reagan apparently gave the go ahead for a new weapon system, the Strategic Defense Initiative also known as 'Star Wars' . This was intended to use weapons based in space to destroy ballistic missiles in flight.
The detente gained momentum and the USSR president had summit meetings with Reagan and proposed a 15-year timetable for a 'step-by-step process for ridding the earth of nuclear weapons.' The US responded to some extent, though they were not prepared to go as far as the USSR president would have liked. The result was the INF Treaty, formally signed by Reagan and Gorbachev in Washington in Dec 1987.
*all land-based intermediate-range nuclear weapons were to be scrapped over the next three years. This meant 436 US and 1575 Soviet warheads, and would include all Russian missiles based in western Europe.
* There were strict verification provisions so that both sides could check that the weapons were actually being destroyed.
Treaty was important bc it was the first time missiles had been destroyed
f. What was the nature of detente between the US and China?
1. how did each side reach out to the other?
China invited the US to a table-tennis game and with that success the US responded by calling off their veto of Chinese entry into the UN. Truman and Nixon visited the country as well. Carter furthered their relationship by withdrawing recognition of Nationalist China.
2. what was the primary reason for the lack of full cooperation?
The issue over Taiwan and China wanting it under their control was troubling to the US.
3. what was the climax of detente?
The climax of detente was when Carter formally recognized the People's Republic of China and ambassadors were exchanged.
4. what issues arose and created more tension?
The issue when China signed a nuclear agreement with Vietnam and they used troops to disperse a student demonstration in Tienanmen Square. The government was afraid it would turn into a revolution which could overthrow the communist government. Also tensions rose when the Chinese held a 'naval exercise' in the straits between the Chinese mainland and Taiwan, in protest at the Taiwanese democratic elections just about to be held.
g. Sino-Soviet relations
1. why did relations between the Soviets and Chinese deteriorate?
a. China didn't believe in Khrushchev's policies of 'peaceful co-existence' and his claim that it was possible to achieve communism by methods other than violent resolutions. This went against the ideas of Lenin ans so they accused the Russians of 'revisionism' and they were angry at Khrushchev's 'soft' line towards the US. In retaliation the Russians reduced their economic aid to China.
b. Other than the ideological argument there was also a frontier argument. During the 19'th century Russia had taken large ares of Chinese territory and the Chinese were demanding it back, so far without success. Now that China was following a 'softer' policy towards the US it seemed that the territorial problem was the main bone of the contention. By the end of the 1970's both countries were vying for US support. Vietnam was also also an issue since it supported Russia and when the Chinese attacked Vietnam it caused further tension.
2. what were Chinese grievances towards the USSR in 1984?
a. the presence of Russian troops in Afghanistan
b. Soviet backing of the Vietnamese troops in Kampuchea
c. The Soviet troop build-up along the Chinese frontiers of Mongolia and Manchuria
3. how did tensions ease after 1984?
A five-year agreement on trade and economic co-operation were signed (1985) and regular contact took place between the two governments. A formal reconciliation took place in 1989 when Gorbachev visited Beijing. Also in 1989 Vietnam withdrew its troops from Kampuchea and so their relations with China improved.
Guiding questions:
Why did the Cold War spread from Europe to other parts of the world after 1950?
Analyse the part played by Cuba in the development of the Cold War.
MWH p. 147-149 and 162-165
A. Why did Castro come to power? (p. 147)
1. Why did many Cubans resent America?
a. US rescued Cuba from Spanish control, US troops came in to keep stability and financial aid and investment kept the Cuban economy ticking
b. The US controlled the Cuban economy, US companies held controlling interests in all Cuban industries (sugar, tobacco, phone system, railways, electricity)
c. The US was the main market for Cuba's exports of which sugar was by far the most important
2. Economic problems
a. USA controlled economy (US companies controlled interests in all Cuban industries, sugar, tobacco) and the US was the main market for exports
b.Cuba was too dependent on the exports of sugar, and the wealth of the country was concentrated in the hands of few
c. unemployment was a major issue
3. Why was there no effective political system?
Because Batista, a leading politician seized power in a military coup and began to rule as a dictator. He introduced no reforms, and according to historian he "spent more time dealing with private affairs and his foreign fortunes, having too little time for the affairs of the state." He was a corrupt and his regime was very brutal.
4. How did Castro rise to prominence?
A peaceful social revolution wasn't the prospect so the country resorted to a violent revolution. The leader of this was Fidel Castro, he wanted to rid Cuba of Batista and corruption, and to to introduce limited land reforms so that all peasants would receive some land. Castro resorted to guerrilla warfare and sabotage in the cities. They gained support through carrying through with Castro's land reform policy.
5. How did the revolution eventually play out?
a. Bastista's actions - He took savage reprisals against guerrillas, torturing and murdering suspects. Morale in Batista's poorly paid army began to crumble, they weren't able to destroy Castro's forces.
b. USA's role - The US became embarrassed by Batista's behavior and so they cut off armed supplies, this was a blow to the dictators
B. What was the revolution's effect on Cuba's foreign relations?
1. with the USA - The US gave him a chance however he enraged the USA by nationalizing American-owned estates and factories. President Eisenhower threatened to stop importing Cuban sugar, forcing Castro to sign an agreement with the USSR. When the US carried out the threat Cuba confiscated all remaining US property
2. with the USSR -
When the US carried out the threat the USSR promised to buy Cuban sugar. Also they were provided economic aid.
3. with other Latin American countries -
They expelled Cuba from the organization of America States, which made Cuba more dependent on the USSR.
C. Castro's domestic problems
1. economic issues
a. dependent on the US then the USSR in terms of economy
b. corrupt government
c. social reform; education
2. attempted solutions
a. diversify industrial and agricultural output but it was disappointing
b. economy boosted by tourism
c.Venezuela government agreed to provide Cuba with oil at good prices
3. successes
a. tourism boosted economy
b. Venezuela gave oil and it was at a good price
c. USSR bought Cuban sugar
D. Reasons for detente (p.162)
1. issues for the USSR
a.keeping up with the US, in terms of expenses
b. economic difficulties
c. there was unrest in terms of Poland destabilize the communist bloc
2. issues for the US
there must be a better way to deal with the coping of communism because the issue in Vietnam it wasn't working well. They realized there were limits to their military strength, they were thinking that 'isolationism' was a good way to resort.
3. issues for China
They were anxious about isolation, nervous about US attentions in Vietnam. They also weren't happy about their worsening relations with the USSR.
4. issues for Western Europe
They said they worried about being on the front lines if a nuclear war occurred. They wanted to improve relations with Eastern Europe( Ostpolik)
e. What was the nature of detente between the US and the USSR?
1. arms limitations -they agreed upon how many ABMs, ICBMs, and SLBMs each side could have. It however slowed down the arms race but not how many arms could be contained.
2. Helsinki Agreement -
This showed recognition of European frontiers which had been established in WW2. The communists countries promised to allow their peoples "human rights" including freedom of speech and freedom to leave the country.
3. what setbacks prevented further cooperation?
a. NATO became nervous due to the deployment of 150 new Russian SS-20 missiles. Therefore NATO deployed their troops, in order for the security of not having an attack on W. Europe from Russia.
b. the US senate decided to not except a SALT 2 treaty in which would have limited the numbers of MIRVS
c. Russia invaded Afghanistan and replaced the president with somebody in which they believed to be more adequate and so all the old western suspicions of Russian motives returned
4. summarize the arms race during the 1980s:
Both sides spent the first hald of the 1980s building up their nuclear arsenals, and the US President Reagan apparently gave the go ahead for a new weapon system, the Strategic Defense Initiative also known as 'Star Wars' . This was intended to use weapons based in space to destroy ballistic missiles in flight.
The detente gained momentum and the USSR president had summit meetings with Reagan and proposed a 15-year timetable for a 'step-by-step process for ridding the earth of nuclear weapons.' The US responded to some extent, though they were not prepared to go as far as the USSR president would have liked. The result was the INF Treaty, formally signed by Reagan and Gorbachev in Washington in Dec 1987.
*all land-based intermediate-range nuclear weapons were to be scrapped over the next three years. This meant 436 US and 1575 Soviet warheads, and would include all Russian missiles based in western Europe.
* There were strict verification provisions so that both sides could check that the weapons were actually being destroyed.
Treaty was important bc it was the first time missiles had been destroyed
f. What was the nature of detente between the US and China?
1. how did each side reach out to the other?
China invited the US to a table-tennis game and with that success the US responded by calling off their veto of Chinese entry into the UN. Truman and Nixon visited the country as well. Carter furthered their relationship by withdrawing recognition of Nationalist China.
2. what was the primary reason for the lack of full cooperation?
The issue over Taiwan and China wanting it under their control was troubling to the US.
3. what was the climax of detente?
The climax of detente was when Carter formally recognized the People's Republic of China and ambassadors were exchanged.
4. what issues arose and created more tension?
The issue when China signed a nuclear agreement with Vietnam and they used troops to disperse a student demonstration in Tienanmen Square. The government was afraid it would turn into a revolution which could overthrow the communist government. Also tensions rose when the Chinese held a 'naval exercise' in the straits between the Chinese mainland and Taiwan, in protest at the Taiwanese democratic elections just about to be held.
g. Sino-Soviet relations
1. why did relations between the Soviets and Chinese deteriorate?
a. China didn't believe in Khrushchev's policies of 'peaceful co-existence' and his claim that it was possible to achieve communism by methods other than violent resolutions. This went against the ideas of Lenin ans so they accused the Russians of 'revisionism' and they were angry at Khrushchev's 'soft' line towards the US. In retaliation the Russians reduced their economic aid to China.
b. Other than the ideological argument there was also a frontier argument. During the 19'th century Russia had taken large ares of Chinese territory and the Chinese were demanding it back, so far without success. Now that China was following a 'softer' policy towards the US it seemed that the territorial problem was the main bone of the contention. By the end of the 1970's both countries were vying for US support. Vietnam was also also an issue since it supported Russia and when the Chinese attacked Vietnam it caused further tension.
2. what were Chinese grievances towards the USSR in 1984?
a. the presence of Russian troops in Afghanistan
b. Soviet backing of the Vietnamese troops in Kampuchea
c. The Soviet troop build-up along the Chinese frontiers of Mongolia and Manchuria
3. how did tensions ease after 1984?
A five-year agreement on trade and economic co-operation were signed (1985) and regular contact took place between the two governments. A formal reconciliation took place in 1989 when Gorbachev visited Beijing. Also in 1989 Vietnam withdrew its troops from Kampuchea and so their relations with China improved.
Friday, March 12, 2010
Source E
Use Source E parts (i) and (ii) to show how the Brezhnev Doctrine arose out of a perceived need for solidarity, but finished by arousing suspicions of interventionism.
Source E part i shows the how the Brezhnev Doctrine started as a perceived need for solidarity. When looking at how the USSR dealt with Czechoslovakia in the beginning the reader will see they had that idea that they were fighting against the possibility that destruction of " the foundations of the socialist system" would be destroyed. As in the Brezhnev Doctrine they were combating "anti-socialist forces." The USSR was fighting with and for the better of socialism in Czechoslovakia, they were fighting for "in the long run" for peace on the continent of Europe. As L.I. Brezhnev states "As for the Soviet Union, we take a resolute stand in favour of socialist internationalism and the restoration of good relations between socialist countries wherever they have been broken." So the USSR saw this foreign policy move as a an act against the demagogy pushing for "communism." However as seen in part (ii) it shows how the act of the necessity to get solidarity turned into an arousing suspicion of interventionism. The USSR slowly turned against the Czechs and stopped fighting for the "people and socialism" but rather for the country, it's connection to the USSR as an alliance country. The USSR wanted control of countries and when it faced opposition they turned against going for the "socialist community" and into "international dictatorship." as Marshall Lin said. They dispatched "hundreds of thousands of troops to occupy Czechoslovakia and its armed provocations against China on our territory are two foul performances staged recently by Soviet revisionism," this quote displays the force and jurisdiction that the Soviet Union believes they have in dictating a "lesser" country in terms of economics and society and by doing this interventionism is coming into play rather than a solidarity.
Source E part i shows the how the Brezhnev Doctrine started as a perceived need for solidarity. When looking at how the USSR dealt with Czechoslovakia in the beginning the reader will see they had that idea that they were fighting against the possibility that destruction of " the foundations of the socialist system" would be destroyed. As in the Brezhnev Doctrine they were combating "anti-socialist forces." The USSR was fighting with and for the better of socialism in Czechoslovakia, they were fighting for "in the long run" for peace on the continent of Europe. As L.I. Brezhnev states "As for the Soviet Union, we take a resolute stand in favour of socialist internationalism and the restoration of good relations between socialist countries wherever they have been broken." So the USSR saw this foreign policy move as a an act against the demagogy pushing for "communism." However as seen in part (ii) it shows how the act of the necessity to get solidarity turned into an arousing suspicion of interventionism. The USSR slowly turned against the Czechs and stopped fighting for the "people and socialism" but rather for the country, it's connection to the USSR as an alliance country. The USSR wanted control of countries and when it faced opposition they turned against going for the "socialist community" and into "international dictatorship." as Marshall Lin said. They dispatched "hundreds of thousands of troops to occupy Czechoslovakia and its armed provocations against China on our territory are two foul performances staged recently by Soviet revisionism," this quote displays the force and jurisdiction that the Soviet Union believes they have in dictating a "lesser" country in terms of economics and society and by doing this interventionism is coming into play rather than a solidarity.
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
IRL 15
http://www.darkgovernment.com/images/cold-war.jpg
This is a political cartoons and the limitations with using this source is that the viewer can't see the date when this was produced. This is a limitation because if the viewer knew the date produced it would be easier to connect other historical events in context to this cartoon. However this cartoon displays an issue regarding the issue of mutual assured destruction, which is the doctrine of military strategy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides would effectively result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender. This cartoon displays this idea, both the USSR and the US, both capable of ruining the opposing side is doing everything but using their nuclear weapons, seen shooting arrows but in the Cold War both sides realized that if nuclear war occurred who would be the first to pull the trigger? The cartoon shows the nuclear weapons having a message that "the enemy might retaliate" and when they do it will be ruin for the world. This idea of MAD enhances my understanding on what we are learning in class because it gives reasons for pulling out of Cuba and the US removing missiles from Turkey, both sides fighting but in fear of the same thing, who would be the first to pull the trigger on humanity,or nuclear weapon?
This is a political cartoons and the limitations with using this source is that the viewer can't see the date when this was produced. This is a limitation because if the viewer knew the date produced it would be easier to connect other historical events in context to this cartoon. However this cartoon displays an issue regarding the issue of mutual assured destruction, which is the doctrine of military strategy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides would effectively result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender. This cartoon displays this idea, both the USSR and the US, both capable of ruining the opposing side is doing everything but using their nuclear weapons, seen shooting arrows but in the Cold War both sides realized that if nuclear war occurred who would be the first to pull the trigger? The cartoon shows the nuclear weapons having a message that "the enemy might retaliate" and when they do it will be ruin for the world. This idea of MAD enhances my understanding on what we are learning in class because it gives reasons for pulling out of Cuba and the US removing missiles from Turkey, both sides fighting but in fear of the same thing, who would be the first to pull the trigger on humanity,or nuclear weapon?
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