http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/11/02/MNPV13P1E6.DTL
This article is written by a journalist from the Washington post and it's a news article on the idea that women in the workplace in Hamburg and other parts of Germany need equality in pay. Th limitation of the article is that a journalist wrote it and often times journalists chose what they heard or say and write it, often times leaving out key ideas or issues. The idea of women needing equality in pay in the workplace is something the article states that the german idea of "Kinder, Kueche, Kirche" children, kitchen, church still holds. The struggle for equality in Germany that is happening now also relates to that of what we are studying now. German equality was limited due to the lack of free will in the Hitler dominated society. propagenda pushed the ideas that women should be at home and not in the workplace. As this article states there has been development but the issue still holds over equality. This idea that over time issues left unsloved are still plauging society today such as the equality in Germnay and the workplace. Such ideas that Hitler istalled in the youth and people during his time are still affecting society today. All of these statments gives value to what we are learning right now.
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Saturday, December 5, 2009
IRL
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqG_ltj3CrQ
This is a short Youtube slideshow that depicts propagenda posters during Hitler's time in power. This contributes to what we are learning now because it shows the young women Aryan women smiling and being strong ( such as the Olypic one) and how women were meant to make babies in Germany and how they were the key to the future. The propagenda campaign was menat to indoctrinate the youth, displayed in many of the posters being shown in the video and its significant because Hitler had the power to indoctrinate and influence one nation from the youth to the adults. The propagenda was a ploy to the Nazis and helped out the Nazi regime attain more support or power. The Hitler Youth was a group that specialiuzed in making sure the youth were ready for fighting if you were males or being mothers for women. Many of these propagenda posters were most likely for that reason to encourage the youth and the nation to participate in these programs for a stronger better Germany. The limitations in this video is that the poster and song are in German and therefore I can't understand their full meaning.
This is a short Youtube slideshow that depicts propagenda posters during Hitler's time in power. This contributes to what we are learning now because it shows the young women Aryan women smiling and being strong ( such as the Olypic one) and how women were meant to make babies in Germany and how they were the key to the future. The propagenda campaign was menat to indoctrinate the youth, displayed in many of the posters being shown in the video and its significant because Hitler had the power to indoctrinate and influence one nation from the youth to the adults. The propagenda was a ploy to the Nazis and helped out the Nazi regime attain more support or power. The Hitler Youth was a group that specialiuzed in making sure the youth were ready for fighting if you were males or being mothers for women. Many of these propagenda posters were most likely for that reason to encourage the youth and the nation to participate in these programs for a stronger better Germany. The limitations in this video is that the poster and song are in German and therefore I can't understand their full meaning.
Monday, November 30, 2009
SGQ 10
QW's:
Compare and contrast the economic and social policies of one left wing and one right wing single-party ruler.
By what methods, and with what success, did single-party rulers in power establish totalitarian regimes?
MWH 309-318
1. What did National Socialism stand for?
A. What were the movements four general principles?
i.it was a way of life dedicated to the re-birth of the nation "national community"
ii. emphasis on the ruthlessly efficient organization of all aspects of the lives of the masses "totalitarian stae"
.voilen, terror, and propagenda had a vital role to play in all of this)
iii.the entire state must be organized on a military footing
iv.race theory (Aryans and Non-Aryans)
B. What evidence suggests Nazism was a "natural development of German history"?
i. Many can argue that it was a natural extension of the Prussian militarism and German tradtions.
ii.Also another viewpoint could be that national socialism and facism in genral were the final stage of western capitlaism which was bound to collapse because of its fatal flaws.
C . What evidence suggests Nazism was a "distortion of normal development" of German history?
The personal contribution of Hitler was a in a great deal one of the atrributs that wasn't a normal devolpment. He was striving to break away from the old and introduce something new.
D . What evidence suggests Nazism was a bit of both?
Hitler only contributed to the German trends in culture and beliefs. It wasn't a mere incident that it came about because its a product of logical and inevitable products of the past affecting the future.
2. How did Hitler consolidate his power?
A. Actions leading up to the March election of 1933
i. The election of march 5, 1933 led to police forces being replaced with loyal nazis.
ii. Blaming the communists for the Reichstag fire, led to a fear of communism
iii.Hitler had a private armies and a press and radio to try and whipo up the majority of the votes
B. The Reichstag fire
i. what happened?
On Feburary 27'th a amn called van der Lubbe set fire to the Reichstag and the SA knew about the mans intentions. It burnt to the ground and the SA even might have started little fires.
ii. what did it mean?
Blaming it all on a communist led to a great fear and more votes for the Nazis. And later a pretext to the banning of the communist party.
3. How was Hitler able to stay in power?
A. What was the Enabling Law?
This stated that the government could introduce laws without the approval of the Reichstag for the next four years, could ignore the constitution and could sign agreements with foreign countries. All of this would be drafted in the forms of the Chancellor (Hitler). This meant Hitler was dicator for four years and it was possible to extend it.
B. How did the Enabling Law pass?
The atmosphere that the SA created caused the people to not want to get them angered or to bring up enough courage to vote against it or fear that they may be beaten if they opposed the bill.
C. What was gleichschaltung?
A policy which turned Germany into a totalitarian or facist state.The government tried to control as many aspects of life as possible.
D. What were the characteristics of gleichschaltung?
i. Germany became a one-party state because all other parties were banned
ii. There was no more state, provincial, or municipial elections. The seperate stae parliments still existed but lost all powers and the majority of that power went to the Nazi Special Commissioner.
iii. the civil services were purged ( all enemies of the state such as Jews where purged)
iv. trade unions, a likely cause of resistance, were anolished and they were replaced with the German Labour Front. The governemt instead dealt with the issues of the workplace.
v. The education system was closely controlled so children could be indoctrinated with Nazi opinions ( Hitler Youth and the League German Maidains)
vi. there was a special policy concerned with the family
* 'racially pure' and healthy families were encouraged to have more children
vii. all communications and the media were controlled by the Minister of Propagenda, Dr Joseph Goebbels
viii. How was the economic life of the country organized?
a. telling industrialists what to produce, depending on what the country needd at that moment
b. moving workers around the country to places where jobs existed and labour was needed
c. emcouraging farmers to increase agriculture yields
d. controlling food prices and rents
e. manipulating foreingn exchange rates to avoid inflation
f.introducing vast schemes of public works- highways, and land drainages
g. forcing foreign countries to buy German goods either by refusing cash for goods bought from those countries
h.reduce dependence on foreign countries (manufacturing synthetic rubber and wool)
i. increasing expenditure on armaments
ix. How was religion handled?
a. Catholics
Hitler signed an agreement which promised not to interfere with German catholics in any way. However when the Catholic youth league rivalled Hitler Youth. However when the CAthlic school got closed down it wasn't enough for Hitler so he sent nuns and preists to concentration camps.
b. Protestants
Hitler tried to roganze them into a Reich church, in which the bishop was a Nazi However when they bothered him he persicuted the church and sent many people to their deaths
x.
xi. Anti-Semitism
a. how was it legalized?
Theses were legalized by the Nuremberg laws
b. examples of the law being carried out
1.ruled that even a person with only one Jewish grandparent must be classed as a Jew.
2.forabde them to marry non-Jews
3.deprived Jews of their German citezenship
E. How popular were Hitler's policies?
i. personal appeal - He tried to entertain the republic with parades and rallies that caused great enthusiasm and anticicaption after the weak adn inecsive governments of the Weimer Republic.
ii. unemployment - One of the things that went towards Hitler's popularity. This was able to happen through public work schemes and then the large party bureaucrcy was expaninding providing governemtn jobs. The purges of the 'enemy of the people' gave vacant jobs.
iii. working people - Sicnce the abolition of trade unions was causing strife in much of the people Hitler provided benifits such as subsidized holidays and cruises, concert tickets,ect.
iv. upper class - The upper class felt safe from a communist revolution and they were happy that trade unions where abolished since they nagged them. Also they were able to buy back at low prices the shares they had sold to the state during the crisis of 1929-32, and there were great promises of great profits from the public work schemes
v. farmers - Farmers gradually warmerd up to Hitler and only because it was made vclear that they were in a specially favoured postion in the state because of the Nazi decalred self-suffiency in food production. Also prices were fixed so they were assured a reasonable profit. Another attribute was that farms were to be passed on to the enxt of kin so therefore farms could not be sold.
vi. the Army -
a. officers -well disposed towards Hitler because of much publized aim of setting aside th erestrictions of the Versailles Treaty by rearmment and expansion of the army to its full strength
b. lower ranks -this idea above was being brought into the lower classes as well since National Socialists were being brought in
c. Night of Long Knives - This elimenated a lot of enemies and competion or troublesome people to Hitler and he stated it was justified because those people where plotting against the state. Hitler was also thought to have killed many of those people to containe certain information that might be drawn out by the SA leader Rohm. Rohm wished to be general of the troops but the army looked at him as a ruffin and incompetant to lead the army, Hitler in order not to be embarassed had an SS member kill him.
vii. foreign policy -HThis was a huge success and many Germans began to think of him as infallible
Compare and contrast the economic and social policies of one left wing and one right wing single-party ruler.
By what methods, and with what success, did single-party rulers in power establish totalitarian regimes?
MWH 309-318
1. What did National Socialism stand for?
A. What were the movements four general principles?
i.it was a way of life dedicated to the re-birth of the nation "national community"
ii. emphasis on the ruthlessly efficient organization of all aspects of the lives of the masses "totalitarian stae"
.voilen, terror, and propagenda had a vital role to play in all of this)
iii.the entire state must be organized on a military footing
iv.race theory (Aryans and Non-Aryans)
B. What evidence suggests Nazism was a "natural development of German history"?
i. Many can argue that it was a natural extension of the Prussian militarism and German tradtions.
ii.Also another viewpoint could be that national socialism and facism in genral were the final stage of western capitlaism which was bound to collapse because of its fatal flaws.
C . What evidence suggests Nazism was a "distortion of normal development" of German history?
The personal contribution of Hitler was a in a great deal one of the atrributs that wasn't a normal devolpment. He was striving to break away from the old and introduce something new.
D . What evidence suggests Nazism was a bit of both?
Hitler only contributed to the German trends in culture and beliefs. It wasn't a mere incident that it came about because its a product of logical and inevitable products of the past affecting the future.
2. How did Hitler consolidate his power?
A. Actions leading up to the March election of 1933
i. The election of march 5, 1933 led to police forces being replaced with loyal nazis.
ii. Blaming the communists for the Reichstag fire, led to a fear of communism
iii.Hitler had a private armies and a press and radio to try and whipo up the majority of the votes
B. The Reichstag fire
i. what happened?
On Feburary 27'th a amn called van der Lubbe set fire to the Reichstag and the SA knew about the mans intentions. It burnt to the ground and the SA even might have started little fires.
ii. what did it mean?
Blaming it all on a communist led to a great fear and more votes for the Nazis. And later a pretext to the banning of the communist party.
3. How was Hitler able to stay in power?
A. What was the Enabling Law?
This stated that the government could introduce laws without the approval of the Reichstag for the next four years, could ignore the constitution and could sign agreements with foreign countries. All of this would be drafted in the forms of the Chancellor (Hitler). This meant Hitler was dicator for four years and it was possible to extend it.
B. How did the Enabling Law pass?
The atmosphere that the SA created caused the people to not want to get them angered or to bring up enough courage to vote against it or fear that they may be beaten if they opposed the bill.
C. What was gleichschaltung?
A policy which turned Germany into a totalitarian or facist state.The government tried to control as many aspects of life as possible.
D. What were the characteristics of gleichschaltung?
i. Germany became a one-party state because all other parties were banned
ii. There was no more state, provincial, or municipial elections. The seperate stae parliments still existed but lost all powers and the majority of that power went to the Nazi Special Commissioner.
iii. the civil services were purged ( all enemies of the state such as Jews where purged)
iv. trade unions, a likely cause of resistance, were anolished and they were replaced with the German Labour Front. The governemt instead dealt with the issues of the workplace.
v. The education system was closely controlled so children could be indoctrinated with Nazi opinions ( Hitler Youth and the League German Maidains)
vi. there was a special policy concerned with the family
* 'racially pure' and healthy families were encouraged to have more children
vii. all communications and the media were controlled by the Minister of Propagenda, Dr Joseph Goebbels
viii. How was the economic life of the country organized?
a. telling industrialists what to produce, depending on what the country needd at that moment
b. moving workers around the country to places where jobs existed and labour was needed
c. emcouraging farmers to increase agriculture yields
d. controlling food prices and rents
e. manipulating foreingn exchange rates to avoid inflation
f.introducing vast schemes of public works- highways, and land drainages
g. forcing foreign countries to buy German goods either by refusing cash for goods bought from those countries
h.reduce dependence on foreign countries (manufacturing synthetic rubber and wool)
i. increasing expenditure on armaments
ix. How was religion handled?
a. Catholics
Hitler signed an agreement which promised not to interfere with German catholics in any way. However when the Catholic youth league rivalled Hitler Youth. However when the CAthlic school got closed down it wasn't enough for Hitler so he sent nuns and preists to concentration camps.
b. Protestants
Hitler tried to roganze them into a Reich church, in which the bishop was a Nazi However when they bothered him he persicuted the church and sent many people to their deaths
x.
xi. Anti-Semitism
a. how was it legalized?
Theses were legalized by the Nuremberg laws
b. examples of the law being carried out
1.ruled that even a person with only one Jewish grandparent must be classed as a Jew.
2.forabde them to marry non-Jews
3.deprived Jews of their German citezenship
E. How popular were Hitler's policies?
i. personal appeal - He tried to entertain the republic with parades and rallies that caused great enthusiasm and anticicaption after the weak adn inecsive governments of the Weimer Republic.
ii. unemployment - One of the things that went towards Hitler's popularity. This was able to happen through public work schemes and then the large party bureaucrcy was expaninding providing governemtn jobs. The purges of the 'enemy of the people' gave vacant jobs.
iii. working people - Sicnce the abolition of trade unions was causing strife in much of the people Hitler provided benifits such as subsidized holidays and cruises, concert tickets,ect.
iv. upper class - The upper class felt safe from a communist revolution and they were happy that trade unions where abolished since they nagged them. Also they were able to buy back at low prices the shares they had sold to the state during the crisis of 1929-32, and there were great promises of great profits from the public work schemes
v. farmers - Farmers gradually warmerd up to Hitler and only because it was made vclear that they were in a specially favoured postion in the state because of the Nazi decalred self-suffiency in food production. Also prices were fixed so they were assured a reasonable profit. Another attribute was that farms were to be passed on to the enxt of kin so therefore farms could not be sold.
vi. the Army -
a. officers -well disposed towards Hitler because of much publized aim of setting aside th erestrictions of the Versailles Treaty by rearmment and expansion of the army to its full strength
b. lower ranks -this idea above was being brought into the lower classes as well since National Socialists were being brought in
c. Night of Long Knives - This elimenated a lot of enemies and competion or troublesome people to Hitler and he stated it was justified because those people where plotting against the state. Hitler was also thought to have killed many of those people to containe certain information that might be drawn out by the SA leader Rohm. Rohm wished to be general of the troops but the army looked at him as a ruffin and incompetant to lead the army, Hitler in order not to be embarassed had an SS member kill him.
vii. foreign policy -HThis was a huge success and many Germans began to think of him as infallible
Thursday, November 12, 2009
IRL 7
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/b2bukhar.html
This is a real document off of the Library of Congres website depicting Bukaharin's trial because he was denounced by a person saying he did 'counterrevoluntianry things' so therefore he must be shot. In this document it shows and gives value to what we have learned in class because Bukaharin discusses in the beginning about collectivization and industrialization, all concepts we have touched upon in class to better understadn the Soviet society during that time period. This adds value to what we have learned in the class becuase it showd the falsehoods of the staged trials. Bukahrin was a threat to Stalin and thereofre Stalin had him eliminated. The lack of evidence and false accusations give value to the notes and discussion in class we had on 11/12/09 because we viewed documents and pictures discussing the fake trails and the confessions that the supposed guilty must make. In this document it doesn't show any orgin of where the document was found, that being a limiation. Also the translation from the actual Soviet document could have been altered and pages are missing but th document still stands to be a valuable first hand account showing flase trials because of the purges.
This is a real document off of the Library of Congres website depicting Bukaharin's trial because he was denounced by a person saying he did 'counterrevoluntianry things' so therefore he must be shot. In this document it shows and gives value to what we have learned in class because Bukaharin discusses in the beginning about collectivization and industrialization, all concepts we have touched upon in class to better understadn the Soviet society during that time period. This adds value to what we have learned in the class becuase it showd the falsehoods of the staged trials. Bukahrin was a threat to Stalin and thereofre Stalin had him eliminated. The lack of evidence and false accusations give value to the notes and discussion in class we had on 11/12/09 because we viewed documents and pictures discussing the fake trails and the confessions that the supposed guilty must make. In this document it doesn't show any orgin of where the document was found, that being a limiation. Also the translation from the actual Soviet document could have been altered and pages are missing but th document still stands to be a valuable first hand account showing flase trials because of the purges.
Use these two sources to analyse the effects of Stalin’s purges on Soviet society.
SOURCE A Extract from Natasha’s Dance by Orlando Figes, London 2002.
Prokofiev [the composer] became a lonely figure in Paris. “I am a Russian, the least suited of men to be
an exile. I’ve got to talk to my own people, so that they can give me something I lack here – their songs –
my songs.”
From 1932 Prokofiev began to spend half the year in Moscow, and later he and his family moved there
permanently. He was given a luxurious apartment and allowed the freedom to travel to the West (at a
time when Soviet citizens were sent to the gulag for speaking to a foreigner). He was awarded prizes and
flattered in his native land.
But Prokofiev’s working life became difficult. Attacked as a formalist [one who was regarded as preferring
their art as an art form, rather than it being understood by the millions] like Shostakovich, he retreated
by writing music for the young: Peter and the Wolf with its wolf hunt, was a product of the terror years,
but most of the music he had written in Paris and New York was banned.
SOURCE B Extract from Hope against Hope, by N Mandelstam, London, 1971. The author
and her poet husband were exiled in 1934, allowed to return to Moscow in 1937,
but he was sent to a labour camp in 1938, and died there.
As regards the Stalinist terror, we could never imagine that it might end. … It was essential to smile –
if you didn’t it meant you were afraid or discontented. This nobody could afford to admit. Everybody had
to walk around wearing a cheerful expression, as though to say: “what’s going on is no concern of mine,
I have important work to do. I am trying to do my best for the state. My conscience is clear – if what’s his
name is arrested, there must be good reason.”
The mask [pretence] was only taken off at home, and then not always. Even from your children you had to
hide how horror-struck you were; otherwise they might let something slip at school.
Both theses sources show how much the purges effected the Societ soceit, making them into people they didn;t want to be or else there would be terrible concienses. The average man an dwomen is depicted in source b stated you even had to hide from your children and lie to them because they would turn on you. It states "The mask [pretense] was only taken off at home, and then not always. Even from your children you had to hide how horror-struck you were; otherwise they might let something slip at school." The fear that Stalin's purges might effect your life was clearly seen that even musicians went into a mode of making music that Stalin would agree upon such as, Prokoviev in source A, whose music was banned in the Soviet society, which he wrote in New York and Paris because it had western spin on it. Having to make and be something else because of one mans terror he places on you through purges made the Soviet society become "very difficult" as source a puts it. Due to the purges people had to smile and put on the falsehood that everything Stalin was doing was just fine with tem but in reality it was not, but the purges made them be silenced to any opinion and voice because the NKVD would show up at your house and terroize your family if you went against the "norm." Discontenment was high, says source B but a visualization of that was not allowed becuase then the Soviet police or people; because it became every man for himself was turned for being discontent with Stalin's power, something that couldn't be know.
Prokofiev [the composer] became a lonely figure in Paris. “I am a Russian, the least suited of men to be
an exile. I’ve got to talk to my own people, so that they can give me something I lack here – their songs –
my songs.”
From 1932 Prokofiev began to spend half the year in Moscow, and later he and his family moved there
permanently. He was given a luxurious apartment and allowed the freedom to travel to the West (at a
time when Soviet citizens were sent to the gulag for speaking to a foreigner). He was awarded prizes and
flattered in his native land.
But Prokofiev’s working life became difficult. Attacked as a formalist [one who was regarded as preferring
their art as an art form, rather than it being understood by the millions] like Shostakovich, he retreated
by writing music for the young: Peter and the Wolf with its wolf hunt, was a product of the terror years,
but most of the music he had written in Paris and New York was banned.
SOURCE B Extract from Hope against Hope, by N Mandelstam, London, 1971. The author
and her poet husband were exiled in 1934, allowed to return to Moscow in 1937,
but he was sent to a labour camp in 1938, and died there.
As regards the Stalinist terror, we could never imagine that it might end. … It was essential to smile –
if you didn’t it meant you were afraid or discontented. This nobody could afford to admit. Everybody had
to walk around wearing a cheerful expression, as though to say: “what’s going on is no concern of mine,
I have important work to do. I am trying to do my best for the state. My conscience is clear – if what’s his
name is arrested, there must be good reason.”
The mask [pretence] was only taken off at home, and then not always. Even from your children you had to
hide how horror-struck you were; otherwise they might let something slip at school.
Both theses sources show how much the purges effected the Societ soceit, making them into people they didn;t want to be or else there would be terrible concienses. The average man an dwomen is depicted in source b stated you even had to hide from your children and lie to them because they would turn on you. It states "The mask [pretense] was only taken off at home, and then not always. Even from your children you had to hide how horror-struck you were; otherwise they might let something slip at school." The fear that Stalin's purges might effect your life was clearly seen that even musicians went into a mode of making music that Stalin would agree upon such as, Prokoviev in source A, whose music was banned in the Soviet society, which he wrote in New York and Paris because it had western spin on it. Having to make and be something else because of one mans terror he places on you through purges made the Soviet society become "very difficult" as source a puts it. Due to the purges people had to smile and put on the falsehood that everything Stalin was doing was just fine with tem but in reality it was not, but the purges made them be silenced to any opinion and voice because the NKVD would show up at your house and terroize your family if you went against the "norm." Discontenment was high, says source B but a visualization of that was not allowed becuase then the Soviet police or people; because it became every man for himself was turned for being discontent with Stalin's power, something that couldn't be know.
Wednesday, November 4, 2009
SCQ 9 1-2
IBHL1 SGQ9
QWs:
Compare and contrast the economic and social policies of one left wing and one right wing single-party ruler.
Examine the status of women in two single-party states, each chosen from a different region.
In what ways did one ruler of a single-party state try to use education to support his regime?
MWH 361-378
1. How did Stalin get to supreme power?
a. Why might Trotsky have become leader? Why did he not?
He might have become leader because he was an ispired orator, an intellectual and a man of action, and the organizer of the Red Armies. He tended to be arrogant and was bitterly crtical of his rivals. because he was so mean to his rivls they all went against him so they wouldnt be accused anymore. He also kept quite at the wrong times;
b. Who were the other Politburo members? Why did none of them take power?
They are the "parlimentary system" and they never took complete power because they quarlled so much about topics, thereofre making them unproportional representation and unable to compromise.
c. How did Stalin use his position?
Very well he elimintaded people in the Politburo who disagreed with him and put in supporters and he wused it to his advantage.
d. What was the major Politburo disagreement? What were the three options?
Disagreement over policy arose in the this area because Marx never described in detail how the new communist society should be organized. The three major issuies where permant revolution ideas, to continue or not continue the NEP, and who would be the next leader(they didn't want a dictator)
2. How successful was Stalin in solving Russia's economic problems?
a. What were Russia's economic problems?
production from heavy industry was still very low
more food needed to be produced
b. What were the Five Year Plans?
i. How were they carried out?
cash was provided by Russians themselves
foreign technicians were brought in
emphasis in expanding edu. in colleges and factories
factories-the old capitalistic methods of piecework and pay differnentials between skilled and unskilled workers were used to encourgae production
ii. How successful were they? (Provide hard facts as evidence!)
many of the products were in poor quiality( the high targets forced workers to speed up and this caused
c. What does collectivization mean? smaller farms join together to grow and help the USSRand all the peasants would own the land and contribute to the farms
i. How was it carried out?
Stalin used terror and propagenda, but mostly sheer brutal force. Many times the government would encourage the peasants to join a collectivized farm and then refusal would esue but then the government would force them and then state that that it was the peasants decision. Many times peasants if they refused then they shot on the spot or sent to a labour camp.
ii. How successful was it? (Provide hard facts as evidence!)
It allowed greater mechanization which did achieve a greater production in 1937. The amount of grain taken by the states greatly increased and so did grain exports, 1930 and 1931 were excellent years of exports. The hard facts were that only in 1930 (the year Stalin stopped colectivization did it increase) did the grain increase but other than that there was faminiie from 1932-3, especially in the Ukraine due to many things but among them is the idea that the livestock was all eaten by the peasants. Over 5 million peasants died of starvation. So the best way to look at this was that it was a political success but an economic failure which caused the inhumanity of the country to truly show.
3. How successful was Stalin in solving Russia's political problems?
a. What were Russia's political problems?
i.a new constitution was needed to consolidate Stalin's power and the Communist party over the country
ii. trying to hold the union together and stop countries that wanted to be independent because nationalism was needed for communism to flourish
iii. grow the popularity back towards communism and to elimante political oppostion from other opponents not agreeing with communismtic ideaology.
b. The Purges and Great Terror
i. What were the "purges"?
These were killings and assassanations of poltical figures and high up officials that posed a threat or any oppostion to the communist party or Stalin's power. They were meant to terrorize the masses into obediance. they were a form of political infighting and another revolution.
ii. How were the purges justified?
1. that it was politcal infighting
2. revolutions have consequences such as the ones being experianced in the "purges"
iii. What was the Great Terror? How was it carried out?
it was carried out by force and brutality and mass scares that where meant to put the masses into submission to stalin and the communist party. It was a campaign that isued that Stalin had the ultimate power.
c. What was the purpose of the 1936 constitution? How did it work in practice?
To consolidate power to the communist party and knock out any oppostion. Also to secure the power of Stalin in the forms of a leader. It just stated the Stalin and the party ran things and even though it didn't state it that the real power remained in the Politburo
d. What was Stalin's two part approach for holding the union together?
i. national languages and cultures were encouraged and the republics hada certain amount of independence
ii. moscow had the final say in important decesions. if necessary force would be used to preserve control
4. What was everyday life and culture like under Stalin?
a. Why was life hard?
i. food: famine, bnad harvestings
ii. housing: shortages, evictions, communial apartments, barracks for many
iii. the nomenklatura:they had bread delievered to their home and experianced special priveliages, lower prices for things, better accomdations
b. What signs of improvement were there?
i. food supplies where improving and rationing was abolished
ii.education and healthcare were improving
iii.more facilties for leasure were set
iv.provision of clothing and food at work bettered condtions
c. The state, women, and the family
i. Why was life hard for women?
1. they were forced often times to be the breadmaker of the family
2. they faced hard jobs and yet had to face a hard home life with lesser wages and benfits than men
ii. What two goals did the government have for women?
1. build more daycare centers and nurseries for children
2. no abortions and have as many kids as possible and maternity leave was fine
iii. What policies did the government adopt towards women?
1.produce children
2. take jobs
3. increaase output and look after the houshold and family
iv. What was life like for upper-class or well-educated women?
They were seen by the state as part of a campaign to 'civilize' the masses. Their main duty was to leada comfortable home life for their husbands and families.
d. Education
i. What improvements were made to education?
1. 8-11 must be enrolled in education
2. new training colleges were set up to train new lecturers and teachers
ii. What were some of the goals of education?
1. turn the younger generation into good orthodox Soviet citizens
2. religion and other "bourqeois' practices were presented as superstious and backward
e. Religion
i. Was was the Communist view of religion?
Because of Lenin and Stalin and other Bolshevik leaderes antheisism was the leader of what the people believed and many thought it to be a harmful superstition which must be eliminated. Also they felt it was merely an invention of the ruling classes to keep the people docile and under control.
ii. What actions did the government take towards religious organizations?
Stalin didn't like the way that preists opposed collectivization so he had hundreds of secret attacks on the churchs that were burnt down and many cemeteries vandalized. Thousands of preists where killed. There was an anti-religious campaign.
iii. What was the people's reaction to those policies/actions?
Mnay were outraged, especially in the rural areas where preisnts and rabbis where popular.
f. Literature and theater
This was a cultural revolution because this gave the governement leway to make writers and actors get their ideas across. There was a "war"between the non communist writers adn the RAPP. Although after awhile Stalin didn't like the RAPP because it showed the flaws in society. Many theater people came under attack because "social realism' was needed in order to Stalin and they weren't portraying it correctly.
g. Art, architecture, and music
"social realism' was also expected to be portrayed in this area. No western ideas or iedeaology was allowed in terms of anything. Scultptures where supposed to produce images of Stalin and other communist leaders to show the postive affects of revolution and communism pride.
h. The cinema
Moderinzaing the film industry was one of the major ideas that Stalin wanted because with film propagenda can be portrayed and more efficently. Stalin also many times rewrote scripts to his liking. Films could only portray certain ideas that Stalin set as well.
QWs:
Compare and contrast the economic and social policies of one left wing and one right wing single-party ruler.
Examine the status of women in two single-party states, each chosen from a different region.
In what ways did one ruler of a single-party state try to use education to support his regime?
MWH 361-378
1. How did Stalin get to supreme power?
a. Why might Trotsky have become leader? Why did he not?
He might have become leader because he was an ispired orator, an intellectual and a man of action, and the organizer of the Red Armies. He tended to be arrogant and was bitterly crtical of his rivals. because he was so mean to his rivls they all went against him so they wouldnt be accused anymore. He also kept quite at the wrong times;
b. Who were the other Politburo members? Why did none of them take power?
They are the "parlimentary system" and they never took complete power because they quarlled so much about topics, thereofre making them unproportional representation and unable to compromise.
c. How did Stalin use his position?
Very well he elimintaded people in the Politburo who disagreed with him and put in supporters and he wused it to his advantage.
d. What was the major Politburo disagreement? What were the three options?
Disagreement over policy arose in the this area because Marx never described in detail how the new communist society should be organized. The three major issuies where permant revolution ideas, to continue or not continue the NEP, and who would be the next leader(they didn't want a dictator)
2. How successful was Stalin in solving Russia's economic problems?
a. What were Russia's economic problems?
production from heavy industry was still very low
more food needed to be produced
b. What were the Five Year Plans?
i. How were they carried out?
cash was provided by Russians themselves
foreign technicians were brought in
emphasis in expanding edu. in colleges and factories
factories-the old capitalistic methods of piecework and pay differnentials between skilled and unskilled workers were used to encourgae production
ii. How successful were they? (Provide hard facts as evidence!)
many of the products were in poor quiality( the high targets forced workers to speed up and this caused
c. What does collectivization mean? smaller farms join together to grow and help the USSRand all the peasants would own the land and contribute to the farms
i. How was it carried out?
Stalin used terror and propagenda, but mostly sheer brutal force. Many times the government would encourage the peasants to join a collectivized farm and then refusal would esue but then the government would force them and then state that that it was the peasants decision. Many times peasants if they refused then they shot on the spot or sent to a labour camp.
ii. How successful was it? (Provide hard facts as evidence!)
It allowed greater mechanization which did achieve a greater production in 1937. The amount of grain taken by the states greatly increased and so did grain exports, 1930 and 1931 were excellent years of exports. The hard facts were that only in 1930 (the year Stalin stopped colectivization did it increase) did the grain increase but other than that there was faminiie from 1932-3, especially in the Ukraine due to many things but among them is the idea that the livestock was all eaten by the peasants. Over 5 million peasants died of starvation. So the best way to look at this was that it was a political success but an economic failure which caused the inhumanity of the country to truly show.
3. How successful was Stalin in solving Russia's political problems?
a. What were Russia's political problems?
i.a new constitution was needed to consolidate Stalin's power and the Communist party over the country
ii. trying to hold the union together and stop countries that wanted to be independent because nationalism was needed for communism to flourish
iii. grow the popularity back towards communism and to elimante political oppostion from other opponents not agreeing with communismtic ideaology.
b. The Purges and Great Terror
i. What were the "purges"?
These were killings and assassanations of poltical figures and high up officials that posed a threat or any oppostion to the communist party or Stalin's power. They were meant to terrorize the masses into obediance. they were a form of political infighting and another revolution.
ii. How were the purges justified?
1. that it was politcal infighting
2. revolutions have consequences such as the ones being experianced in the "purges"
iii. What was the Great Terror? How was it carried out?
it was carried out by force and brutality and mass scares that where meant to put the masses into submission to stalin and the communist party. It was a campaign that isued that Stalin had the ultimate power.
c. What was the purpose of the 1936 constitution? How did it work in practice?
To consolidate power to the communist party and knock out any oppostion. Also to secure the power of Stalin in the forms of a leader. It just stated the Stalin and the party ran things and even though it didn't state it that the real power remained in the Politburo
d. What was Stalin's two part approach for holding the union together?
i. national languages and cultures were encouraged and the republics hada certain amount of independence
ii. moscow had the final say in important decesions. if necessary force would be used to preserve control
4. What was everyday life and culture like under Stalin?
a. Why was life hard?
i. food: famine, bnad harvestings
ii. housing: shortages, evictions, communial apartments, barracks for many
iii. the nomenklatura:they had bread delievered to their home and experianced special priveliages, lower prices for things, better accomdations
b. What signs of improvement were there?
i. food supplies where improving and rationing was abolished
ii.education and healthcare were improving
iii.more facilties for leasure were set
iv.provision of clothing and food at work bettered condtions
c. The state, women, and the family
i. Why was life hard for women?
1. they were forced often times to be the breadmaker of the family
2. they faced hard jobs and yet had to face a hard home life with lesser wages and benfits than men
ii. What two goals did the government have for women?
1. build more daycare centers and nurseries for children
2. no abortions and have as many kids as possible and maternity leave was fine
iii. What policies did the government adopt towards women?
1.produce children
2. take jobs
3. increaase output and look after the houshold and family
iv. What was life like for upper-class or well-educated women?
They were seen by the state as part of a campaign to 'civilize' the masses. Their main duty was to leada comfortable home life for their husbands and families.
d. Education
i. What improvements were made to education?
1. 8-11 must be enrolled in education
2. new training colleges were set up to train new lecturers and teachers
ii. What were some of the goals of education?
1. turn the younger generation into good orthodox Soviet citizens
2. religion and other "bourqeois' practices were presented as superstious and backward
e. Religion
i. Was was the Communist view of religion?
Because of Lenin and Stalin and other Bolshevik leaderes antheisism was the leader of what the people believed and many thought it to be a harmful superstition which must be eliminated. Also they felt it was merely an invention of the ruling classes to keep the people docile and under control.
ii. What actions did the government take towards religious organizations?
Stalin didn't like the way that preists opposed collectivization so he had hundreds of secret attacks on the churchs that were burnt down and many cemeteries vandalized. Thousands of preists where killed. There was an anti-religious campaign.
iii. What was the people's reaction to those policies/actions?
Mnay were outraged, especially in the rural areas where preisnts and rabbis where popular.
f. Literature and theater
This was a cultural revolution because this gave the governement leway to make writers and actors get their ideas across. There was a "war"between the non communist writers adn the RAPP. Although after awhile Stalin didn't like the RAPP because it showed the flaws in society. Many theater people came under attack because "social realism' was needed in order to Stalin and they weren't portraying it correctly.
g. Art, architecture, and music
"social realism' was also expected to be portrayed in this area. No western ideas or iedeaology was allowed in terms of anything. Scultptures where supposed to produce images of Stalin and other communist leaders to show the postive affects of revolution and communism pride.
h. The cinema
Moderinzaing the film industry was one of the major ideas that Stalin wanted because with film propagenda can be portrayed and more efficently. Stalin also many times rewrote scripts to his liking. Films could only portray certain ideas that Stalin set as well.
SQG 8
QW's:
1. “The aims and policies of single-party state rulers rarely followed their declared ideology.” To what extent do you agree with this assertion?
2. Compare and contrast the rise to power of two rulers of single-party states, each chosen from a different region.
MWH 349-358
How successfully did Lenin and the Bolsheviks deal with their problems (1917-1924?)
I. How much support did the Bolsheviks have from the people?
Not a lot and Lenin realized that so he attempted to nationalize alll land so that it could be redistributed among the peasants.
a. the elections of November 1917
i. Bolshevik seats -175
ii. Social Revolutionary seats - 370
iii. Mensheviks seats -15
iv. "left wing" groups -40
v. nationality groups -80
vi. Kadets -17
b. How did Lenin respond to the election results?
Lenin still wanted the Bolsheviks in power so he used military control to gain his power.
II. What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and what were its conditions?
a. It was a treaty between...Russia an dGermany
b. Russia gave up
i. a third of Russia's farming land
ii. a third of the population
iii. two-thirds of their colamines and half her heavy industries
III. Why did the Bolsheviks resort to violence?
a. Violence from others
i. Petrograd and Moscow - Lenin did not want a famine in the land so he resorted to violence if any of the peasnats were hoarding grain and the Cheka shot them.
ii. Ukraine - the majority of the wheat was grown in the Ukraine and this only made the famine worse resorting to more violence to cut off hoarders
iii. Social Revolutionaries - assainated the German ambassador and leading Bolshevik member of the Petrograd soviet adn they attempted to sieze power for themselves
iv. violence aimed at Bolshevik leaders -the head of the Petrograd Cheka was assasinated and Lenin was shot at
*desperate times=desperate measure
b. Lenin's flawed reasoning
i. Marx's predictions
1.capitialists would overthrow the autocratic monarchy and set up systems of parlimetary democracy
2. when industrilaztion was complete, the industrial workers, who were now in a majority, would overthrow the capitilatists and set up a classless society
ii. Russia's reality
1. isolated
2. facing a capiltilaists Europe who was deeply suspicious of the new regime
iii. Lenin's expectations for the rest of Europe
that they too would participate in this worldwide socialist revolution.
c. Liberal historical interpretation
they are convinced that the Bolsheviks were commited to the use of violende and terror from the beginning
IV. The Red Terror
a. against peasants - they felt that they hoarded too much grain so they excuted them
b. against political opponents - social revolutionaries were shot down to stop oppostion
c. against the former Tsar - in order to take total control the tsars family had to be killed
V. Civil War
a. Which groups made up the "Whites"?social revolutionaries, Mensheviks, ex-tsarist officers, and any other groups which did not like the Bolsheviks
b. What was the Whites' main goal? continue war against Germany and to destroy the Bolshevik government
c. What was the role of other nations? to stop the Bolshevik revolultion
d. What was the result of the Civil War?communist victory
e. How were the communists able to win the Civil War?
i.the whites were not centrally organized
ii. red army had more troops
iii. Lenin took measures known as war communis
iv.Lenin was able to present the Bolsheviks asa nationalist government fighting against foreingers
VI. What were the effects of the Civil War?
a. civilian deaths - loads of civilian deaths (peasants)
b. economic changes - was in ruins and the ruoble was worth only 1% of its value, more centralized
VII. What was done about economic problems?
a. effects of war communism
i. food shortages
ii. industry was at a standstill
b. reforms of the New Economic Policy
i.peasnts werent allowed to keep a surplus produceafter payment of tax representing a certain proportion of the surplus
ii.foreign investment was encouraged
iii. reintroduction of private trade, recieved incentive, and food production increased
c. successes of the NEP
i. economy began to recover
ii. production levels were improvin
iii, electirfication of industry
1. “The aims and policies of single-party state rulers rarely followed their declared ideology.” To what extent do you agree with this assertion?
2. Compare and contrast the rise to power of two rulers of single-party states, each chosen from a different region.
MWH 349-358
How successfully did Lenin and the Bolsheviks deal with their problems (1917-1924?)
I. How much support did the Bolsheviks have from the people?
Not a lot and Lenin realized that so he attempted to nationalize alll land so that it could be redistributed among the peasants.
a. the elections of November 1917
i. Bolshevik seats -175
ii. Social Revolutionary seats - 370
iii. Mensheviks seats -15
iv. "left wing" groups -40
v. nationality groups -80
vi. Kadets -17
b. How did Lenin respond to the election results?
Lenin still wanted the Bolsheviks in power so he used military control to gain his power.
II. What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and what were its conditions?
a. It was a treaty between...Russia an dGermany
b. Russia gave up
i. a third of Russia's farming land
ii. a third of the population
iii. two-thirds of their colamines and half her heavy industries
III. Why did the Bolsheviks resort to violence?
a. Violence from others
i. Petrograd and Moscow - Lenin did not want a famine in the land so he resorted to violence if any of the peasnats were hoarding grain and the Cheka shot them.
ii. Ukraine - the majority of the wheat was grown in the Ukraine and this only made the famine worse resorting to more violence to cut off hoarders
iii. Social Revolutionaries - assainated the German ambassador and leading Bolshevik member of the Petrograd soviet adn they attempted to sieze power for themselves
iv. violence aimed at Bolshevik leaders -the head of the Petrograd Cheka was assasinated and Lenin was shot at
*desperate times=desperate measure
b. Lenin's flawed reasoning
i. Marx's predictions
1.capitialists would overthrow the autocratic monarchy and set up systems of parlimetary democracy
2. when industrilaztion was complete, the industrial workers, who were now in a majority, would overthrow the capitilatists and set up a classless society
ii. Russia's reality
1. isolated
2. facing a capiltilaists Europe who was deeply suspicious of the new regime
iii. Lenin's expectations for the rest of Europe
that they too would participate in this worldwide socialist revolution.
c. Liberal historical interpretation
they are convinced that the Bolsheviks were commited to the use of violende and terror from the beginning
IV. The Red Terror
a. against peasants - they felt that they hoarded too much grain so they excuted them
b. against political opponents - social revolutionaries were shot down to stop oppostion
c. against the former Tsar - in order to take total control the tsars family had to be killed
V. Civil War
a. Which groups made up the "Whites"?social revolutionaries, Mensheviks, ex-tsarist officers, and any other groups which did not like the Bolsheviks
b. What was the Whites' main goal? continue war against Germany and to destroy the Bolshevik government
c. What was the role of other nations? to stop the Bolshevik revolultion
d. What was the result of the Civil War?communist victory
e. How were the communists able to win the Civil War?
i.the whites were not centrally organized
ii. red army had more troops
iii. Lenin took measures known as war communis
iv.Lenin was able to present the Bolsheviks asa nationalist government fighting against foreingers
VI. What were the effects of the Civil War?
a. civilian deaths - loads of civilian deaths (peasants)
b. economic changes - was in ruins and the ruoble was worth only 1% of its value, more centralized
VII. What was done about economic problems?
a. effects of war communism
i. food shortages
ii. industry was at a standstill
b. reforms of the New Economic Policy
i.peasnts werent allowed to keep a surplus produceafter payment of tax representing a certain proportion of the surplus
ii.foreign investment was encouraged
iii. reintroduction of private trade, recieved incentive, and food production increased
c. successes of the NEP
i. economy began to recover
ii. production levels were improvin
iii, electirfication of industry
Tuesday, November 3, 2009
IRL 6
www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcJvOnCD1ls&feature=related
This is a news story/ web video that has taken an interview from Fox News and described the idea that Obama has a tendency to like to "redistribute the wealth." This is connected to what we are learning now because it is what Stalin did, and granted i'm not calling Obama Stalin but Stalin had the idealogy that redisributing the wealth such as grain was better then letting the peasants grow their own and distribute the money to whomever they pleased. The plumbing in the interview can be heard that he was scared of Obama's "socialist" ways because rather than the plumber leaving the American Dreaman dbeing able to flourish and handle his own money Obama wants to tax the wealther and give it to the poor. This enhances what i have learned in class because it shows the beforehand steps that led to socalism and the little idealogys that can relly slump a nation from acquiring their dreams because the government feels the need to over tax and lean towards socilaism and redistribute the wealth. Stalin redistrubted the wealth and it got him in a slump with the majority of the population along with famine and economic issues, politically it flourished but on the humane level it failed intensly. There are limations in this video because it is a youtube video so it could be edited and there was information given about Obama and Biden that were not proven to be sourced, therefore making them less believable.
This is a news story/ web video that has taken an interview from Fox News and described the idea that Obama has a tendency to like to "redistribute the wealth." This is connected to what we are learning now because it is what Stalin did, and granted i'm not calling Obama Stalin but Stalin had the idealogy that redisributing the wealth such as grain was better then letting the peasants grow their own and distribute the money to whomever they pleased. The plumbing in the interview can be heard that he was scared of Obama's "socialist" ways because rather than the plumber leaving the American Dreaman dbeing able to flourish and handle his own money Obama wants to tax the wealther and give it to the poor. This enhances what i have learned in class because it shows the beforehand steps that led to socalism and the little idealogys that can relly slump a nation from acquiring their dreams because the government feels the need to over tax and lean towards socilaism and redistribute the wealth. Stalin redistrubted the wealth and it got him in a slump with the majority of the population along with famine and economic issues, politically it flourished but on the humane level it failed intensly. There are limations in this video because it is a youtube video so it could be edited and there was information given about Obama and Biden that were not proven to be sourced, therefore making them less believable.
Saturday, October 24, 2009
IRL 5
www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CbWq6-dQSM
This issue of general elections relates to what we are studying can be seen when the comparision of the basic ideas of focusing on the majority class for votes and bribery start to intoxicate the local and national politics. Bribery could be seen in the promises of chinese tvs and money and in China the bribe that if one supported the leader than overthrew the rebels then he would overthrow the emperor. Also the usage of focusing on the majority class can be seen when the thoughts of giving electricty and money to those who vote, therefore making the poor people of India want to vote in order to sustain themselves. Another related issue like Germany is that since there is so many parties no particular party can win the majority in Parliment. This news story on Youtube from Voice of America news can add value to what we are learning because rather than viewing single-party states and their issues with elections and how leaders emerge, a different viewpoint can be seen and show that in democratic governments that it is also possible to have bribery adn difficulties in elections for a leader. The limitations that are in this particular video where that only the weatheir classes spoke about the election rather than the poorer, majority class.
This issue of general elections relates to what we are studying can be seen when the comparision of the basic ideas of focusing on the majority class for votes and bribery start to intoxicate the local and national politics. Bribery could be seen in the promises of chinese tvs and money and in China the bribe that if one supported the leader than overthrew the rebels then he would overthrow the emperor. Also the usage of focusing on the majority class can be seen when the thoughts of giving electricty and money to those who vote, therefore making the poor people of India want to vote in order to sustain themselves. Another related issue like Germany is that since there is so many parties no particular party can win the majority in Parliment. This news story on Youtube from Voice of America news can add value to what we are learning because rather than viewing single-party states and their issues with elections and how leaders emerge, a different viewpoint can be seen and show that in democratic governments that it is also possible to have bribery adn difficulties in elections for a leader. The limitations that are in this particular video where that only the weatheir classes spoke about the election rather than the poorer, majority class.
Friday, October 16, 2009
IRL 4
www.voanews.com/english/archive
This is a website article that describes the inflation problem being face in Russia today. The issue of inflation has always been a struggle for many nations and the problem that has occured like in this newsarticle is not a new issue in Russia. Russia during the time period we are studying with Lenin coming into powere, inflation was an economic issue that the country had to strugggle through. Although the problem can't even be compared to the old issues during Lenins' rule they do work together. Russia at this time has lost 40% in budget revenues and are facing inflation. This adds value to what im learning because i realize that economic problems always need to be face and can travel through history and because of history we now know what not to do and the effects if we repeat history. The source is not the most reliable because it is a website that has no .edu or .org and those tend to be the most reliable but they are a national website that is widely used.
This is a website article that describes the inflation problem being face in Russia today. The issue of inflation has always been a struggle for many nations and the problem that has occured like in this newsarticle is not a new issue in Russia. Russia during the time period we are studying with Lenin coming into powere, inflation was an economic issue that the country had to strugggle through. Although the problem can't even be compared to the old issues during Lenins' rule they do work together. Russia at this time has lost 40% in budget revenues and are facing inflation. This adds value to what im learning because i realize that economic problems always need to be face and can travel through history and because of history we now know what not to do and the effects if we repeat history. The source is not the most reliable because it is a website that has no .edu or .org and those tend to be the most reliable but they are a national website that is widely used.
Tuesday, September 29, 2009
SGQ7
1.) revolution and the warlord era
a. expalin the three major crisis of this era?
i. Europeans began to force their way into China
ii.Taiping Rebellion
iii. China was defeated in a war against Japan
b.) what was the immediate cause of the 1911 revolution? Many young people became radical and wanted to overthrow the Manchu Dynasty and westernize China. The revolution soon began among soldiers in Wuchang and then most provinces decalared themseleves independent
c.)what were the postive devolpements thaty took place during the Warlord era?
The May fourth movement which began in 1919 and it protested the warlord era and it was anti-Japanese. Also the Kuomintang and nationalists grew stronger and succeded in bringing down the warlords
2.) The Kuomintang, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and Chiang Kai-shek
a. What were Sun Yat-sens three goals for China?
i. nationalism
ii. democracy
iii. land reform
b. What three steps did Chiang take to consiladate power?
i. set out on a Northern march to destroy the warlords central and northern China
ii. decided to that the communists became too powerful so expelled them from alliance
iii. removed all left-wingers from leadership postions
3.) Mao Zedong and the Communist party
a. How did the communists survive the extermination campaings?
Zedong decided that the only way to survive was to break through Chiangs lines and set ip another power base somewhere else
b. Why did Mao and the communists gain support?
i.the inefficiency and corruption of the KMT in governemnt
ii. there was no improvments in peasant poverty
iii. theKMT put up no effective resistance to the Japanese
iv.there was little improvements in factory conditions
4.) Breifly summarize how the CCP won their struggle with the KMT, and give two reasons
They slowly with the help from Russia took over the KMT army because thier numbers and strenght grew. The CCP took over Beijing and later led the KMT to flee to Taiwain. The KMT was disengrating and there leadership was corrupt and the CCP propagenda had infested the the country and therefore with the people's support and the KMT's tactical blunders the CCP took control leading to a new Chinese Republic.
a. expalin the three major crisis of this era?
i. Europeans began to force their way into China
ii.Taiping Rebellion
iii. China was defeated in a war against Japan
b.) what was the immediate cause of the 1911 revolution? Many young people became radical and wanted to overthrow the Manchu Dynasty and westernize China. The revolution soon began among soldiers in Wuchang and then most provinces decalared themseleves independent
c.)what were the postive devolpements thaty took place during the Warlord era?
The May fourth movement which began in 1919 and it protested the warlord era and it was anti-Japanese. Also the Kuomintang and nationalists grew stronger and succeded in bringing down the warlords
2.) The Kuomintang, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and Chiang Kai-shek
a. What were Sun Yat-sens three goals for China?
i. nationalism
ii. democracy
iii. land reform
b. What three steps did Chiang take to consiladate power?
i. set out on a Northern march to destroy the warlords central and northern China
ii. decided to that the communists became too powerful so expelled them from alliance
iii. removed all left-wingers from leadership postions
3.) Mao Zedong and the Communist party
a. How did the communists survive the extermination campaings?
Zedong decided that the only way to survive was to break through Chiangs lines and set ip another power base somewhere else
b. Why did Mao and the communists gain support?
i.the inefficiency and corruption of the KMT in governemnt
ii. there was no improvments in peasant poverty
iii. theKMT put up no effective resistance to the Japanese
iv.there was little improvements in factory conditions
4.) Breifly summarize how the CCP won their struggle with the KMT, and give two reasons
They slowly with the help from Russia took over the KMT army because thier numbers and strenght grew. The CCP took over Beijing and later led the KMT to flee to Taiwain. The KMT was disengrating and there leadership was corrupt and the CCP propagenda had infested the the country and therefore with the people's support and the KMT's tactical blunders the CCP took control leading to a new Chinese Republic.
Russia
Were the revolutions of 1917 inevitable?
A. Reforms under Nicholas II
1. How was Nicholas able to survive the 1905 revolution?
i. his opponets weren't united
ii. no central leadership
iii. he had been willing to compromise at the crtical moment by issuing the october manifesto, promising concession
iv. most of the army remained loyal
2. What reforms did Nicholas institute?
i. improvements in idsutrial working conditions and pay
ii. cancellations of redemation payments
iii. more freedom for the press
iv. genuine democracy in which the Duma
3. What happened to the Dumas? the first duma was not democratically elected and he had the first duma dispersed by troops only ten weeks after. the second duma also had the same fat and deprived the peasnats and urban people the right to vote. The third and fourth dumas were a bit more conserative but the tsar still ahd power over them.
B. Strengths of the regime
1. how did Stolypin gain support of some peasants?
i.redempation payments were abolished
ii.peasants were encouraged to buy their own land
iii. what is a kulak? comfortably-off peasants
2. how did the regime gain support among industrial workers? They bettered working conditions and sickness and accident insurance was introduced
3. other positive signs for the regime
i. a lot more schools were open because of universal learning
ii. land was well distrubuted
C. Weaknesses of the regime
1. why were Stolypin's land reforms failing?
i. industrial unrest
ii. failure of land reforms
2. what was the trend with industrial strikes in the years leading to WWI? The industrial workers were set off about their grienvances and this led to many strikes before the war.
3. what three groups did the government especially target for repression?
i.peasants
ii. industrial workers
iii.educated classes
4. revolutionary parties - what did each hope for?
i. Bolsheviks - a small disciplined party of professional revolutianers who would work full time to bring about a revolution, get the peasants involved
ii. Mensheviks - party memebership open to anybody, idustrial workers over peansants in order for a revolution to happen
iii. Social Revolutionaries - didn't aprrove of increasing undustrialization and didn't think on terms of a proletarian revolution. They wanted a mainly agrarian society based on peasant communties operting collectively
5. How was the royal family tainted by scandal?
i. Stolypin's death - they were a party to the murder
ii. Rasputin - he was a drunken man and he had numerouse affairs with the court women. The empress also ignored the Duma and and rather than Rasputin be sent away from court he stayed.
D. World War I
What were considered failures in Russia's effort in WWI?
i. Nicolas was the supreme leader for the army
ii. incompetent and corrupt organization and the shortage of equipment
iii.industrialists and the army began to turn away from the tsar
iv.tsar was incompetent for running the war
v.defeat was often for the Russian army
A. Reforms under Nicholas II
1. How was Nicholas able to survive the 1905 revolution?
i. his opponets weren't united
ii. no central leadership
iii. he had been willing to compromise at the crtical moment by issuing the october manifesto, promising concession
iv. most of the army remained loyal
2. What reforms did Nicholas institute?
i. improvements in idsutrial working conditions and pay
ii. cancellations of redemation payments
iii. more freedom for the press
iv. genuine democracy in which the Duma
3. What happened to the Dumas? the first duma was not democratically elected and he had the first duma dispersed by troops only ten weeks after. the second duma also had the same fat and deprived the peasnats and urban people the right to vote. The third and fourth dumas were a bit more conserative but the tsar still ahd power over them.
B. Strengths of the regime
1. how did Stolypin gain support of some peasants?
i.redempation payments were abolished
ii.peasants were encouraged to buy their own land
iii. what is a kulak? comfortably-off peasants
2. how did the regime gain support among industrial workers? They bettered working conditions and sickness and accident insurance was introduced
3. other positive signs for the regime
i. a lot more schools were open because of universal learning
ii. land was well distrubuted
C. Weaknesses of the regime
1. why were Stolypin's land reforms failing?
i. industrial unrest
ii. failure of land reforms
2. what was the trend with industrial strikes in the years leading to WWI? The industrial workers were set off about their grienvances and this led to many strikes before the war.
3. what three groups did the government especially target for repression?
i.peasants
ii. industrial workers
iii.educated classes
4. revolutionary parties - what did each hope for?
i. Bolsheviks - a small disciplined party of professional revolutianers who would work full time to bring about a revolution, get the peasants involved
ii. Mensheviks - party memebership open to anybody, idustrial workers over peansants in order for a revolution to happen
iii. Social Revolutionaries - didn't aprrove of increasing undustrialization and didn't think on terms of a proletarian revolution. They wanted a mainly agrarian society based on peasant communties operting collectively
5. How was the royal family tainted by scandal?
i. Stolypin's death - they were a party to the murder
ii. Rasputin - he was a drunken man and he had numerouse affairs with the court women. The empress also ignored the Duma and and rather than Rasputin be sent away from court he stayed.
D. World War I
What were considered failures in Russia's effort in WWI?
i. Nicolas was the supreme leader for the army
ii. incompetent and corrupt organization and the shortage of equipment
iii.industrialists and the army began to turn away from the tsar
iv.tsar was incompetent for running the war
v.defeat was often for the Russian army
Tuesday, September 22, 2009
SGQ5 9/21/09
QUESTION OF THE WEEK:
To what extent is there a set of circumstances that will predict the rise of a single party state?
GERMANY: Modern World History p. 301-309
Why did the Weimar Republic fail?
A. Disadvantages
1. why was Versailles "humiliating" and "unpopular"?
i. arm limitations
ii. repartions
iii. war guilt clause
2. who did people generally believe should run the country?
i. army and the 'officer classes'
were the German people justified in the view? why/why not?
ii. No bec ause it was the General, in which they all believe should run the country who asked for an armist and it was the army that was deafted in the war so everything the people thought should run the government failed on them.
3. what weaknesses existed in the Weimar parliamentary system?
i.unporportional represantation
ii. parties were not able to caryy out their programs
4. why did the political parties have no experience?
i. before 1919 Reichstag had not controlled policy and so the parties had trouble adjusting to the new system and the Reichstag had trouble giving parties a clear lead as to what to do.
how did the political parties deal with their bitter rivalries?
ii. They made up private armies for self defense, which tended to lead to violence outbreaks and attempts to overthrow the republic
B. Outbreaks of Violence
1. Sparticists
i. who was behind it?
the communists and they were led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg
ii. how bad was it?
The Sparticists occupied almost every major city in Germany. They also made the President beisieged to chancellor.
iii. how was it defeated?
The Freikorps went in with the German military to help regain control then the communist leaders who led the party were clubbed to death and did not have a free trial.
2. Kapp Putsch
i. who was behind it?
The right-wings and the Freikorps
ii. how bad was it?
They managed to gain enough control that they placed a new chancellor into power and occupy Berlin.
iii. how was it defeated?
The workers of Berlin striked and came to help the Social Democrat government and this paraylized the capital. The chancellor resigned and the government regained control. The only person punished because the government was so weak was Kapp who went to jail for two months>The Freikorps were disabanded but even after the members of this group remained hostile towards the repubulic.
3. assassinations
i. who was behind it?
Ex-Freikorps memebers and the right-wingers took sympathy with them.
ii. how bad was it?
They assainted Walter Rathenau a Jewish foreign minister and Gustav Erzberger who was the leader of the armistice delefation. The government was unable to intervine due to the right-wing sympathy.
4. Beer Hall Putsch
i. who was behind it?
Hitlers armies and Gerneral Ludendorff
ii. how bad was it?
Pretty bad because they took control of the Bavarian state government in Munich then later lead a "national revolution" to overthrow the government in Berlon. But the revolution was short lived because the armies broke it up.
iii. how was it defeated?
The governments armies broke up Hitlers march and Hitler was sentenced nine months in jail because the Bavarian authroites had sympathyu with his aims.
5. private armies
i. who was behind it?
The Nazis and Comunnists
ii. how bad was it?
The police were unable to prevent attacks and it created much violence in the streets causing the government to look like they had no control.
iii. how was it defeated?
The view towards a stron authortarian government was in favor because the need to maitain strict public order was needed.
C. Economic problems
1. why was Germany facing bankruptcy?
enormouse expenses from war
2. what was the problem with the reparations payments?
Germany was unable to make the annual payments of money so they requested a suspension
3. how did France attempt to deal with the reparations issue?
French troops occupied the Ruhr and attempted to steal goods.
E. Nazi popularity
1. how did the Nazis propose to fulfill their promises?
i. military force
ii. rebirthing the nation
2. i.What was the SA?
It was one of Hitlers secret armies.
ii. Why was the SA so popular?
It was small and secretive but it overtook many armies such as the Reichswehr and this shoed power which Germany needed.
3. Where did the fear of communism come from?
From the previous problems Germany had with the communist party and its effects on the dying republic.
4. What were Hitler's political abilities?
i. public speaking
ii.propagenda
iii.eliminating employment
iv. power and enthusim
5. What kinds of people supported the Nazis?Thos that were unemployed favored Hitler beacause jobs came up along with wealthy industrualists an dbusniessmen beacuse of the oppurtinites that the Nazis gave them. The farmers also were in favor the Nazis because of the fixed prices Hitler issued and the fact that there farm was herditary and it stayed in the family debt-free.
To what extent is there a set of circumstances that will predict the rise of a single party state?
GERMANY: Modern World History p. 301-309
Why did the Weimar Republic fail?
A. Disadvantages
1. why was Versailles "humiliating" and "unpopular"?
i. arm limitations
ii. repartions
iii. war guilt clause
2. who did people generally believe should run the country?
i. army and the 'officer classes'
were the German people justified in the view? why/why not?
ii. No bec ause it was the General, in which they all believe should run the country who asked for an armist and it was the army that was deafted in the war so everything the people thought should run the government failed on them.
3. what weaknesses existed in the Weimar parliamentary system?
i.unporportional represantation
ii. parties were not able to caryy out their programs
4. why did the political parties have no experience?
i. before 1919 Reichstag had not controlled policy and so the parties had trouble adjusting to the new system and the Reichstag had trouble giving parties a clear lead as to what to do.
how did the political parties deal with their bitter rivalries?
ii. They made up private armies for self defense, which tended to lead to violence outbreaks and attempts to overthrow the republic
B. Outbreaks of Violence
1. Sparticists
i. who was behind it?
the communists and they were led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg
ii. how bad was it?
The Sparticists occupied almost every major city in Germany. They also made the President beisieged to chancellor.
iii. how was it defeated?
The Freikorps went in with the German military to help regain control then the communist leaders who led the party were clubbed to death and did not have a free trial.
2. Kapp Putsch
i. who was behind it?
The right-wings and the Freikorps
ii. how bad was it?
They managed to gain enough control that they placed a new chancellor into power and occupy Berlin.
iii. how was it defeated?
The workers of Berlin striked and came to help the Social Democrat government and this paraylized the capital. The chancellor resigned and the government regained control. The only person punished because the government was so weak was Kapp who went to jail for two months>The Freikorps were disabanded but even after the members of this group remained hostile towards the repubulic.
3. assassinations
i. who was behind it?
Ex-Freikorps memebers and the right-wingers took sympathy with them.
ii. how bad was it?
They assainted Walter Rathenau a Jewish foreign minister and Gustav Erzberger who was the leader of the armistice delefation. The government was unable to intervine due to the right-wing sympathy.
4. Beer Hall Putsch
i. who was behind it?
Hitlers armies and Gerneral Ludendorff
ii. how bad was it?
Pretty bad because they took control of the Bavarian state government in Munich then later lead a "national revolution" to overthrow the government in Berlon. But the revolution was short lived because the armies broke it up.
iii. how was it defeated?
The governments armies broke up Hitlers march and Hitler was sentenced nine months in jail because the Bavarian authroites had sympathyu with his aims.
5. private armies
i. who was behind it?
The Nazis and Comunnists
ii. how bad was it?
The police were unable to prevent attacks and it created much violence in the streets causing the government to look like they had no control.
iii. how was it defeated?
The view towards a stron authortarian government was in favor because the need to maitain strict public order was needed.
C. Economic problems
1. why was Germany facing bankruptcy?
enormouse expenses from war
2. what was the problem with the reparations payments?
Germany was unable to make the annual payments of money so they requested a suspension
3. how did France attempt to deal with the reparations issue?
French troops occupied the Ruhr and attempted to steal goods.
E. Nazi popularity
1. how did the Nazis propose to fulfill their promises?
i. military force
ii. rebirthing the nation
2. i.What was the SA?
It was one of Hitlers secret armies.
ii. Why was the SA so popular?
It was small and secretive but it overtook many armies such as the Reichswehr and this shoed power which Germany needed.
3. Where did the fear of communism come from?
From the previous problems Germany had with the communist party and its effects on the dying republic.
4. What were Hitler's political abilities?
i. public speaking
ii.propagenda
iii.eliminating employment
iv. power and enthusim
5. What kinds of people supported the Nazis?Thos that were unemployed favored Hitler beacause jobs came up along with wealthy industrualists an dbusniessmen beacuse of the oppurtinites that the Nazis gave them. The farmers also were in favor the Nazis because of the fixed prices Hitler issued and the fact that there farm was herditary and it stayed in the family debt-free.
IRL 9/22/09
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,553900,00.html
I found this article on the fox news site to be very intersting becuase of the statment that it is illegal to deny the Holocaust happened in Germany. This seems to be put into place because the German governmment doens't want to let the past evaporate the startling truths in their history. It's a lesson to be still learned for all humanity. Including Iran, during the UN conferance the German representives will walk out if President Ahmadinejad denies that the Holocauset happened. Germany is trying to get more people to walk out because they feel like it against their moral if they walk out and against ethical morals to deny such an atrocity never happening. It is iggnorant and naive to ignore such a huge part of history and for the Germans it's like a slap in the face. Many Europeans, especially Germany that the President of Iran was a digrace to his country for being so ignorant to the past history of this world that had such a huge impact on many groups throughout the world. My question about this article is i would wonder why the President denies such a thing ever happened, there is direct evidence staring him in the face and yet he choses to ignore it, maybe because it involves Jewish states of matter. The limitations to this source are limited because wew don't know the outcome to the events and the "threat" This relates to the Weimer Republic and it's downfall to what Hitler took over and later led to the event of the Holocaust. This adds value to the things we are learning in class because it shows how an event such as the Holocaust can be overlooked and denied by one person. Something so drastic and wrenching as the Holocaust can be denied.
I found this article on the fox news site to be very intersting becuase of the statment that it is illegal to deny the Holocaust happened in Germany. This seems to be put into place because the German governmment doens't want to let the past evaporate the startling truths in their history. It's a lesson to be still learned for all humanity. Including Iran, during the UN conferance the German representives will walk out if President Ahmadinejad denies that the Holocauset happened. Germany is trying to get more people to walk out because they feel like it against their moral if they walk out and against ethical morals to deny such an atrocity never happening. It is iggnorant and naive to ignore such a huge part of history and for the Germans it's like a slap in the face. Many Europeans, especially Germany that the President of Iran was a digrace to his country for being so ignorant to the past history of this world that had such a huge impact on many groups throughout the world. My question about this article is i would wonder why the President denies such a thing ever happened, there is direct evidence staring him in the face and yet he choses to ignore it, maybe because it involves Jewish states of matter. The limitations to this source are limited because wew don't know the outcome to the events and the "threat" This relates to the Weimer Republic and it's downfall to what Hitler took over and later led to the event of the Holocaust. This adds value to the things we are learning in class because it shows how an event such as the Holocaust can be overlooked and denied by one person. Something so drastic and wrenching as the Holocaust can be denied.
Tuesday, September 15, 2009
part 4 of the isreal-palestian conflict
Why was the struggle for Jersuleam so important to the Isreali's?
The struggle for Jersalem was so important because it was a Jewish holy city and if the Isreali army could defeat the Arab legion stationed in Jersalum then the rest of the legions would crumble as well. They also planned on capturing it because it would forstall a peace plan that would gurantee an Isreali conflict.
Who won and who lost in the war?
The Isreali's gained 79% rather than the 55% the British mandated to them. The Isreali's won the war and gained loads of cofidence and land which meant more power over the Arabs. The Arbs lost the war along with their allies (Syria, Lebanon, and transjordan). They lost a lot of the land Britian gave to them to their most hated enemy.
What was agreed under the armictice?
Isrealiand Egpyt came up with pre-war boundaries and the Arab Palestinian Gaza strip was taken by Egpyt.Then Transjordan had a talk with Isreali and they gained control of the West Bank and the oldest part of Jersaluem while isreal mantained the more modern part of Jersulam. Bewteen isreal and Syria the UN made Syrian troops withdraw from the Isreali conquered areas and then they created a buffer zone bewteen the two countries.
Why was there no peace treaty?
The main reasons why their was no permaint agreement beacause of the border and refugee problem bewteen Arabs and Jews. The other reasons were the bitterness that the Arabs held of losing the war. Then another factor consisted of the Isreali's not wanting to lose any land to their borders, the Arabs. The Isreali's also felt that they didn't need a permant agreement they just wanted to focus on establishing a new state.
Which side had the stronger military force?
The Arabs had three countries fighting with them and their military which was all much larger than the tiny Isrealis military. Isreal also had less weapons so they were at a total disadvantage against the goliath arabs.
What were the war aims of King Abdullah of Jordan?
The King had alter pritories such as overtaking the Arab nations and overtake their "government" and during the war they were not goint to intrude into the isreali's claims of Jersaulem.
The struggle for Jersalem was so important because it was a Jewish holy city and if the Isreali army could defeat the Arab legion stationed in Jersalum then the rest of the legions would crumble as well. They also planned on capturing it because it would forstall a peace plan that would gurantee an Isreali conflict.
Who won and who lost in the war?
The Isreali's gained 79% rather than the 55% the British mandated to them. The Isreali's won the war and gained loads of cofidence and land which meant more power over the Arabs. The Arbs lost the war along with their allies (Syria, Lebanon, and transjordan). They lost a lot of the land Britian gave to them to their most hated enemy.
What was agreed under the armictice?
Isrealiand Egpyt came up with pre-war boundaries and the Arab Palestinian Gaza strip was taken by Egpyt.Then Transjordan had a talk with Isreali and they gained control of the West Bank and the oldest part of Jersaluem while isreal mantained the more modern part of Jersulam. Bewteen isreal and Syria the UN made Syrian troops withdraw from the Isreali conquered areas and then they created a buffer zone bewteen the two countries.
Why was there no peace treaty?
The main reasons why their was no permaint agreement beacause of the border and refugee problem bewteen Arabs and Jews. The other reasons were the bitterness that the Arabs held of losing the war. Then another factor consisted of the Isreali's not wanting to lose any land to their borders, the Arabs. The Isreali's also felt that they didn't need a permant agreement they just wanted to focus on establishing a new state.
Which side had the stronger military force?
The Arabs had three countries fighting with them and their military which was all much larger than the tiny Isrealis military. Isreal also had less weapons so they were at a total disadvantage against the goliath arabs.
What were the war aims of King Abdullah of Jordan?
The King had alter pritories such as overtaking the Arab nations and overtake their "government" and during the war they were not goint to intrude into the isreali's claims of Jersaulem.
Sunday, September 13, 2009
IRL 9/13/09
www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/09/13/isreal.egypt.netanyahu/index.html
This is a newstory from the CNN newscast website and two reporters contributed to this report. The struggle of the land is still not dimishing but this artilce states that peace talks are at hand in Egypt to stop the disturbance bewteen the Isrealis and Arbas. The talk about the Gaza Strip and the West Bank are issues that were discussed and how smuggling needs to stop from Egypt and the West Bank and the settlements of the Isreali's in the West Bank need to freeze. This article adds value to what we have learned in class because it shows that he global problems are still at hand from when the Balfour Declartion is at hand and it gives us a glimpse of history and how it has carved the present with peace talking in Egypt, how one declartion can go to a next is rather intriguing to see in our time period; problems then are still problems now. The limitations with using this source is that their is no specifics as to the actual dealings and negotations just the general what they talked about because the officials want the meeting to be very secret. So without specifics of direct interview of an official in the meetings one must lean on reporters and their output on what was blantly stated to them at the conferance and the different views of the reporters..
This is a newstory from the CNN newscast website and two reporters contributed to this report. The struggle of the land is still not dimishing but this artilce states that peace talks are at hand in Egypt to stop the disturbance bewteen the Isrealis and Arbas. The talk about the Gaza Strip and the West Bank are issues that were discussed and how smuggling needs to stop from Egypt and the West Bank and the settlements of the Isreali's in the West Bank need to freeze. This article adds value to what we have learned in class because it shows that he global problems are still at hand from when the Balfour Declartion is at hand and it gives us a glimpse of history and how it has carved the present with peace talking in Egypt, how one declartion can go to a next is rather intriguing to see in our time period; problems then are still problems now. The limitations with using this source is that their is no specifics as to the actual dealings and negotations just the general what they talked about because the officials want the meeting to be very secret. So without specifics of direct interview of an official in the meetings one must lean on reporters and their output on what was blantly stated to them at the conferance and the different views of the reporters..
Isralie-Palestinian Conflict
What was Zionist policy in Palestine in the late 1930's?
The Jewish Agency represented the Jews in Palestine and it shaped the Jewish government in Palestine. The Zionist Policy officially stated the area was going to accept a Jewish state in part of Palestine; but many hoped they would establish a whole state in all of Palestine.
How did Zionist policy change after the war?
The Britians decided to not change the policy after the war and not increase immigration of Jews and no seperate Jewish state.
Why was US support so important for the Zionists?
The US was a major superpower and was able to control many aspects of what happened. Therefore by lobbying the Congress men the Zionist would be able to get to Britian, and from there would rise against them to obtain all of Palestine.
Why and how did the Zionist resort to terrorism in Palestine?
They resorted to terrorism because it was the only thing they felt would get the attention of the British so that they could get full rights to Palestine and more immigrantsin, to throw out Britian. They realized that if they disturbed the immigrant boats coming in then Arabs would be angered and British police would get involved so more attention to Britians problems. So therefore they did everything they could to get in Britians way and fully support Jewish immigration. Terrorism also many times decreaded the moral of Britian, weakening them in terms of worldwide views to the Zionists benefiet.
What was the response to the UNSCOP report?
The Jewish Agengy in Palestine officially accpected the plan despite the exclusion of Jerusalaem in their new state which the Jews were happy they had international support but they still lacked Jersulame in their state which they weren't pleased over. But many Jewish land was given to the Arabs and the Arabs were still unahappy, they were displeased with their "little" amount of land. TheArabs didn't accecpt the UN partion plan and further felt that it was their land and felt the western powers should place the Jews somewhere else.
Why was there a civil war in Palestine?
After the Un meeting the Arab Higher Commttiee made a three day strike, which caused outbreaks of violence against Jews. When Britian announced its exit of Palestine fighting bewteen the two groups intesified. Syrian and Iraqi troops came in after the British left to help the Arabs. The stepping stones of a civil war. Both sides felt it was their land, Britian decicded on what happened to it and both sides were angered. It is like taking something away from kids who are fighting yet turn your back and place the toy in bewteen them, a distate waiting to happen. Then slowly the Jews started to take out Arabs from Palestine because it was their new acclaimed territory. The biggest fight was to control the Holy City of Jerusalem because of its signifigance much of the fighting was there to gain control of what both sides thought to be their rightful land.
The Jewish Agency represented the Jews in Palestine and it shaped the Jewish government in Palestine. The Zionist Policy officially stated the area was going to accept a Jewish state in part of Palestine; but many hoped they would establish a whole state in all of Palestine.
How did Zionist policy change after the war?
The Britians decided to not change the policy after the war and not increase immigration of Jews and no seperate Jewish state.
Why was US support so important for the Zionists?
The US was a major superpower and was able to control many aspects of what happened. Therefore by lobbying the Congress men the Zionist would be able to get to Britian, and from there would rise against them to obtain all of Palestine.
Why and how did the Zionist resort to terrorism in Palestine?
They resorted to terrorism because it was the only thing they felt would get the attention of the British so that they could get full rights to Palestine and more immigrantsin, to throw out Britian. They realized that if they disturbed the immigrant boats coming in then Arabs would be angered and British police would get involved so more attention to Britians problems. So therefore they did everything they could to get in Britians way and fully support Jewish immigration. Terrorism also many times decreaded the moral of Britian, weakening them in terms of worldwide views to the Zionists benefiet.
What was the response to the UNSCOP report?
The Jewish Agengy in Palestine officially accpected the plan despite the exclusion of Jerusalaem in their new state which the Jews were happy they had international support but they still lacked Jersulame in their state which they weren't pleased over. But many Jewish land was given to the Arabs and the Arabs were still unahappy, they were displeased with their "little" amount of land. TheArabs didn't accecpt the UN partion plan and further felt that it was their land and felt the western powers should place the Jews somewhere else.
Why was there a civil war in Palestine?
After the Un meeting the Arab Higher Commttiee made a three day strike, which caused outbreaks of violence against Jews. When Britian announced its exit of Palestine fighting bewteen the two groups intesified. Syrian and Iraqi troops came in after the British left to help the Arabs. The stepping stones of a civil war. Both sides felt it was their land, Britian decicded on what happened to it and both sides were angered. It is like taking something away from kids who are fighting yet turn your back and place the toy in bewteen them, a distate waiting to happen. Then slowly the Jews started to take out Arabs from Palestine because it was their new acclaimed territory. The biggest fight was to control the Holy City of Jerusalem because of its signifigance much of the fighting was there to gain control of what both sides thought to be their rightful land.
Thursday, September 10, 2009
contiutaion of the Isreali-Palestian Conflict
Why are Palestianian Arabs about Jews immigrating to Palestine after WW1?
Many of the Palestianian Arabs were angered because they felt the Jews were buying land in "their" country and Arabs were evicted from "their" land because they got employed on Jewish farms. They didn't feel that Britian was giving them as equal of a share of there land and that even though they "had" it they were often times kicked out.
Why did British rule lead to a Arab rebellion in Palestine?
When aArabs asked Britian for help because o fthe Jewish immigration into their area Britian just stated that the Jews were alloted their parcel of land and later on when Arab officials questioned Whinston Churchill about refuteing the Balfour Decalartion he stated that it was not possible. Immigration would continue and therefor e no side would be happy therefore causing violence to break out on multiple occasions.
Why did the British decide on, and later reject, the partition of Palestine?
The British planned to restrict immigration due to the pressing problems of ther time (Germany) and land sales. However the Jews in Palestine, Europe, and the USA got angered and so Britian was put in an impossible situtation because of further Arab voilence continueing and so the plan was put off. The world would think Britian inhuman if they didn't allow Jews in and then the Arabs would be angered if they did.
Many of the Palestianian Arabs were angered because they felt the Jews were buying land in "their" country and Arabs were evicted from "their" land because they got employed on Jewish farms. They didn't feel that Britian was giving them as equal of a share of there land and that even though they "had" it they were often times kicked out.
Why did British rule lead to a Arab rebellion in Palestine?
When aArabs asked Britian for help because o fthe Jewish immigration into their area Britian just stated that the Jews were alloted their parcel of land and later on when Arab officials questioned Whinston Churchill about refuteing the Balfour Decalartion he stated that it was not possible. Immigration would continue and therefor e no side would be happy therefore causing violence to break out on multiple occasions.
Why did the British decide on, and later reject, the partition of Palestine?
The British planned to restrict immigration due to the pressing problems of ther time (Germany) and land sales. However the Jews in Palestine, Europe, and the USA got angered and so Britian was put in an impossible situtation because of further Arab voilence continueing and so the plan was put off. The world would think Britian inhuman if they didn't allow Jews in and then the Arabs would be angered if they did.
Saturday, September 5, 2009
To what extent was the west responsible for the creation of Israel?
What was the Jewish claim to Palestine?
Throughout the biblical times Jews were dispersed through Europe thus leading to Jews wanting their own homeland to settle in. Anti-Semitism feelings were often felt by other countries so finding that parcel of home to the Jews was hard. Orginally in 1500 BC and then in randomn spurts throughout history Jews had claims to the Palestinian land until the Romans crushed their rebellions and expelled them. Jews felt like that was their land but not until Zionism happend and praying for a "Next Year in Jersuleam" did they get help from the British by the Balfour Declartion. This document gave hope and faith that the Jews could develop their own state.
What was the importance of the Balfour Declartion?
The Balfour Declartion was like a pully system, gains on both sides for he British and the Jews. The British showed their support of te Jews inorder to get support from the US in the war against the Jews. While the declartion gave hope to the Jews to establish a Jewish state with the help of Britian. It gave hope to the countries that needed help and with a careful display of words Britian gave the prayers of the Jews their answer to a "Year in Jersuleam."
What was the Arab Claim to Palestine?
Arabs soon came together as a "country" in Saudi Arabia and later took over the Middle East, including Palestine but later got overruled by the Ottamon Empire in the 7'th and 8'th century. The Arabs formed revolts that always got cut down by the Turks because the Arabs wanted to reclaim their land. Over time a Brithish High Commisioner who livewd in Egypt exchanged letters with the Arabs and promised Arabs that as a the country of Britian he and his mother country would "assist the Arabs to establish what was to appear to the the most suitable form of government." Little did Arabs know that later on after World War One they would be governed by Britian. The Arabs felt Palestine that Britian now "owned" was theirs and therefore they wanted it back.
To what extant was WW1 a turning point in the struggle for Arab independence?
The turning point for the Arabs in this was the fact that it was one more step from dealing with the Ottamon empire. They had their own land but couldn't govern it at first as the British said they would assit them to establish a most suitable government, this is how Britian saw to be the most fit way, to slowly release the land to them, but not before they profited from their natural resources. The Ottamon Empire struggle for the Arabs was having absultlet no control over themsevles. WW1 gave the Arabs throught the Versaille Treaty a chance to become a semi-independent nation.
Why did France and Britian want mandates in the Middle East?
The Sykes-Picat Agreement of 1916 had the underlying ideas of why those two countries wanted mandaes in the Middle East. For one both countries had extensive agreements in trade in the Middle East (fuel and wealth) and Britian wanted to protect the Suez Canal, a major trade and connection to its empire in India and oil fields in the Persian Gulf. Britian saw this canal as a bufer zone because they already controlled Egypt and Palestine was on the other side. France also wanted to mantain an nfluence in the Middle East because of its trading gains. France and Britian wanted to mantain strong allies because of the WW1 conflict with Germany and by this agreement they were able to mantain strong allies due to more resources through trade and natural resources such as oil, and not to add more land to give them more power; thus leading to a stronger front against their enemies
Throughout the biblical times Jews were dispersed through Europe thus leading to Jews wanting their own homeland to settle in. Anti-Semitism feelings were often felt by other countries so finding that parcel of home to the Jews was hard. Orginally in 1500 BC and then in randomn spurts throughout history Jews had claims to the Palestinian land until the Romans crushed their rebellions and expelled them. Jews felt like that was their land but not until Zionism happend and praying for a "Next Year in Jersuleam" did they get help from the British by the Balfour Declartion. This document gave hope and faith that the Jews could develop their own state.
What was the importance of the Balfour Declartion?
The Balfour Declartion was like a pully system, gains on both sides for he British and the Jews. The British showed their support of te Jews inorder to get support from the US in the war against the Jews. While the declartion gave hope to the Jews to establish a Jewish state with the help of Britian. It gave hope to the countries that needed help and with a careful display of words Britian gave the prayers of the Jews their answer to a "Year in Jersuleam."
What was the Arab Claim to Palestine?
Arabs soon came together as a "country" in Saudi Arabia and later took over the Middle East, including Palestine but later got overruled by the Ottamon Empire in the 7'th and 8'th century. The Arabs formed revolts that always got cut down by the Turks because the Arabs wanted to reclaim their land. Over time a Brithish High Commisioner who livewd in Egypt exchanged letters with the Arabs and promised Arabs that as a the country of Britian he and his mother country would "assist the Arabs to establish what was to appear to the the most suitable form of government." Little did Arabs know that later on after World War One they would be governed by Britian. The Arabs felt Palestine that Britian now "owned" was theirs and therefore they wanted it back.
To what extant was WW1 a turning point in the struggle for Arab independence?
The turning point for the Arabs in this was the fact that it was one more step from dealing with the Ottamon empire. They had their own land but couldn't govern it at first as the British said they would assit them to establish a most suitable government, this is how Britian saw to be the most fit way, to slowly release the land to them, but not before they profited from their natural resources. The Ottamon Empire struggle for the Arabs was having absultlet no control over themsevles. WW1 gave the Arabs throught the Versaille Treaty a chance to become a semi-independent nation.
Why did France and Britian want mandates in the Middle East?
The Sykes-Picat Agreement of 1916 had the underlying ideas of why those two countries wanted mandaes in the Middle East. For one both countries had extensive agreements in trade in the Middle East (fuel and wealth) and Britian wanted to protect the Suez Canal, a major trade and connection to its empire in India and oil fields in the Persian Gulf. Britian saw this canal as a bufer zone because they already controlled Egypt and Palestine was on the other side. France also wanted to mantain an nfluence in the Middle East because of its trading gains. France and Britian wanted to mantain strong allies because of the WW1 conflict with Germany and by this agreement they were able to mantain strong allies due to more resources through trade and natural resources such as oil, and not to add more land to give them more power; thus leading to a stronger front against their enemies
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