IBHL1 SGQ14
Guiding questions:
Why did the Cold War spread from Europe to other parts of the world after 1950?
Analyse the part played by Cuba in the development of the Cold War.
MWH p. 147-149 and 162-165
A. Why did Castro come to power? (p. 147)
1. Why did many Cubans resent America?
a. US rescued Cuba from Spanish control, US troops came in to keep stability and financial aid and investment kept the Cuban economy ticking
b. The US controlled the Cuban economy, US companies held controlling interests in all Cuban industries (sugar, tobacco, phone system, railways, electricity)
c. The US was the main market for Cuba's exports of which sugar was by far the most important
2. Economic problems
a. USA controlled economy (US companies controlled interests in all Cuban industries, sugar, tobacco) and the US was the main market for exports
b.Cuba was too dependent on the exports of sugar, and the wealth of the country was concentrated in the hands of few
c. unemployment was a major issue
3. Why was there no effective political system?
Because Batista, a leading politician seized power in a military coup and began to rule as a dictator. He introduced no reforms, and according to historian he "spent more time dealing with private affairs and his foreign fortunes, having too little time for the affairs of the state." He was a corrupt and his regime was very brutal.
4. How did Castro rise to prominence?
A peaceful social revolution wasn't the prospect so the country resorted to a violent revolution. The leader of this was Fidel Castro, he wanted to rid Cuba of Batista and corruption, and to to introduce limited land reforms so that all peasants would receive some land. Castro resorted to guerrilla warfare and sabotage in the cities. They gained support through carrying through with Castro's land reform policy.
5. How did the revolution eventually play out?
a. Bastista's actions - He took savage reprisals against guerrillas, torturing and murdering suspects. Morale in Batista's poorly paid army began to crumble, they weren't able to destroy Castro's forces.
b. USA's role - The US became embarrassed by Batista's behavior and so they cut off armed supplies, this was a blow to the dictators
B. What was the revolution's effect on Cuba's foreign relations?
1. with the USA - The US gave him a chance however he enraged the USA by nationalizing American-owned estates and factories. President Eisenhower threatened to stop importing Cuban sugar, forcing Castro to sign an agreement with the USSR. When the US carried out the threat Cuba confiscated all remaining US property
2. with the USSR -
When the US carried out the threat the USSR promised to buy Cuban sugar. Also they were provided economic aid.
3. with other Latin American countries -
They expelled Cuba from the organization of America States, which made Cuba more dependent on the USSR.
C. Castro's domestic problems
1. economic issues
a. dependent on the US then the USSR in terms of economy
b. corrupt government
c. social reform; education
2. attempted solutions
a. diversify industrial and agricultural output but it was disappointing
b. economy boosted by tourism
c.Venezuela government agreed to provide Cuba with oil at good prices
3. successes
a. tourism boosted economy
b. Venezuela gave oil and it was at a good price
c. USSR bought Cuban sugar
D. Reasons for detente (p.162)
1. issues for the USSR
a.keeping up with the US, in terms of expenses
b. economic difficulties
c. there was unrest in terms of Poland destabilize the communist bloc
2. issues for the US
there must be a better way to deal with the coping of communism because the issue in Vietnam it wasn't working well. They realized there were limits to their military strength, they were thinking that 'isolationism' was a good way to resort.
3. issues for China
They were anxious about isolation, nervous about US attentions in Vietnam. They also weren't happy about their worsening relations with the USSR.
4. issues for Western Europe
They said they worried about being on the front lines if a nuclear war occurred. They wanted to improve relations with Eastern Europe( Ostpolik)
e. What was the nature of detente between the US and the USSR?
1. arms limitations -they agreed upon how many ABMs, ICBMs, and SLBMs each side could have. It however slowed down the arms race but not how many arms could be contained.
2. Helsinki Agreement -
This showed recognition of European frontiers which had been established in WW2. The communists countries promised to allow their peoples "human rights" including freedom of speech and freedom to leave the country.
3. what setbacks prevented further cooperation?
a. NATO became nervous due to the deployment of 150 new Russian SS-20 missiles. Therefore NATO deployed their troops, in order for the security of not having an attack on W. Europe from Russia.
b. the US senate decided to not except a SALT 2 treaty in which would have limited the numbers of MIRVS
c. Russia invaded Afghanistan and replaced the president with somebody in which they believed to be more adequate and so all the old western suspicions of Russian motives returned
4. summarize the arms race during the 1980s:
Both sides spent the first hald of the 1980s building up their nuclear arsenals, and the US President Reagan apparently gave the go ahead for a new weapon system, the Strategic Defense Initiative also known as 'Star Wars' . This was intended to use weapons based in space to destroy ballistic missiles in flight.
The detente gained momentum and the USSR president had summit meetings with Reagan and proposed a 15-year timetable for a 'step-by-step process for ridding the earth of nuclear weapons.' The US responded to some extent, though they were not prepared to go as far as the USSR president would have liked. The result was the INF Treaty, formally signed by Reagan and Gorbachev in Washington in Dec 1987.
*all land-based intermediate-range nuclear weapons were to be scrapped over the next three years. This meant 436 US and 1575 Soviet warheads, and would include all Russian missiles based in western Europe.
* There were strict verification provisions so that both sides could check that the weapons were actually being destroyed.
Treaty was important bc it was the first time missiles had been destroyed
f. What was the nature of detente between the US and China?
1. how did each side reach out to the other?
China invited the US to a table-tennis game and with that success the US responded by calling off their veto of Chinese entry into the UN. Truman and Nixon visited the country as well. Carter furthered their relationship by withdrawing recognition of Nationalist China.
2. what was the primary reason for the lack of full cooperation?
The issue over Taiwan and China wanting it under their control was troubling to the US.
3. what was the climax of detente?
The climax of detente was when Carter formally recognized the People's Republic of China and ambassadors were exchanged.
4. what issues arose and created more tension?
The issue when China signed a nuclear agreement with Vietnam and they used troops to disperse a student demonstration in Tienanmen Square. The government was afraid it would turn into a revolution which could overthrow the communist government. Also tensions rose when the Chinese held a 'naval exercise' in the straits between the Chinese mainland and Taiwan, in protest at the Taiwanese democratic elections just about to be held.
g. Sino-Soviet relations
1. why did relations between the Soviets and Chinese deteriorate?
a. China didn't believe in Khrushchev's policies of 'peaceful co-existence' and his claim that it was possible to achieve communism by methods other than violent resolutions. This went against the ideas of Lenin ans so they accused the Russians of 'revisionism' and they were angry at Khrushchev's 'soft' line towards the US. In retaliation the Russians reduced their economic aid to China.
b. Other than the ideological argument there was also a frontier argument. During the 19'th century Russia had taken large ares of Chinese territory and the Chinese were demanding it back, so far without success. Now that China was following a 'softer' policy towards the US it seemed that the territorial problem was the main bone of the contention. By the end of the 1970's both countries were vying for US support. Vietnam was also also an issue since it supported Russia and when the Chinese attacked Vietnam it caused further tension.
2. what were Chinese grievances towards the USSR in 1984?
a. the presence of Russian troops in Afghanistan
b. Soviet backing of the Vietnamese troops in Kampuchea
c. The Soviet troop build-up along the Chinese frontiers of Mongolia and Manchuria
3. how did tensions ease after 1984?
A five-year agreement on trade and economic co-operation were signed (1985) and regular contact took place between the two governments. A formal reconciliation took place in 1989 when Gorbachev visited Beijing. Also in 1989 Vietnam withdrew its troops from Kampuchea and so their relations with China improved.
Tuesday, March 16, 2010
Friday, March 12, 2010
Source E
Use Source E parts (i) and (ii) to show how the Brezhnev Doctrine arose out of a perceived need for solidarity, but finished by arousing suspicions of interventionism.
Source E part i shows the how the Brezhnev Doctrine started as a perceived need for solidarity. When looking at how the USSR dealt with Czechoslovakia in the beginning the reader will see they had that idea that they were fighting against the possibility that destruction of " the foundations of the socialist system" would be destroyed. As in the Brezhnev Doctrine they were combating "anti-socialist forces." The USSR was fighting with and for the better of socialism in Czechoslovakia, they were fighting for "in the long run" for peace on the continent of Europe. As L.I. Brezhnev states "As for the Soviet Union, we take a resolute stand in favour of socialist internationalism and the restoration of good relations between socialist countries wherever they have been broken." So the USSR saw this foreign policy move as a an act against the demagogy pushing for "communism." However as seen in part (ii) it shows how the act of the necessity to get solidarity turned into an arousing suspicion of interventionism. The USSR slowly turned against the Czechs and stopped fighting for the "people and socialism" but rather for the country, it's connection to the USSR as an alliance country. The USSR wanted control of countries and when it faced opposition they turned against going for the "socialist community" and into "international dictatorship." as Marshall Lin said. They dispatched "hundreds of thousands of troops to occupy Czechoslovakia and its armed provocations against China on our territory are two foul performances staged recently by Soviet revisionism," this quote displays the force and jurisdiction that the Soviet Union believes they have in dictating a "lesser" country in terms of economics and society and by doing this interventionism is coming into play rather than a solidarity.
Source E part i shows the how the Brezhnev Doctrine started as a perceived need for solidarity. When looking at how the USSR dealt with Czechoslovakia in the beginning the reader will see they had that idea that they were fighting against the possibility that destruction of " the foundations of the socialist system" would be destroyed. As in the Brezhnev Doctrine they were combating "anti-socialist forces." The USSR was fighting with and for the better of socialism in Czechoslovakia, they were fighting for "in the long run" for peace on the continent of Europe. As L.I. Brezhnev states "As for the Soviet Union, we take a resolute stand in favour of socialist internationalism and the restoration of good relations between socialist countries wherever they have been broken." So the USSR saw this foreign policy move as a an act against the demagogy pushing for "communism." However as seen in part (ii) it shows how the act of the necessity to get solidarity turned into an arousing suspicion of interventionism. The USSR slowly turned against the Czechs and stopped fighting for the "people and socialism" but rather for the country, it's connection to the USSR as an alliance country. The USSR wanted control of countries and when it faced opposition they turned against going for the "socialist community" and into "international dictatorship." as Marshall Lin said. They dispatched "hundreds of thousands of troops to occupy Czechoslovakia and its armed provocations against China on our territory are two foul performances staged recently by Soviet revisionism," this quote displays the force and jurisdiction that the Soviet Union believes they have in dictating a "lesser" country in terms of economics and society and by doing this interventionism is coming into play rather than a solidarity.
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
IRL 15
http://www.darkgovernment.com/images/cold-war.jpg
This is a political cartoons and the limitations with using this source is that the viewer can't see the date when this was produced. This is a limitation because if the viewer knew the date produced it would be easier to connect other historical events in context to this cartoon. However this cartoon displays an issue regarding the issue of mutual assured destruction, which is the doctrine of military strategy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides would effectively result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender. This cartoon displays this idea, both the USSR and the US, both capable of ruining the opposing side is doing everything but using their nuclear weapons, seen shooting arrows but in the Cold War both sides realized that if nuclear war occurred who would be the first to pull the trigger? The cartoon shows the nuclear weapons having a message that "the enemy might retaliate" and when they do it will be ruin for the world. This idea of MAD enhances my understanding on what we are learning in class because it gives reasons for pulling out of Cuba and the US removing missiles from Turkey, both sides fighting but in fear of the same thing, who would be the first to pull the trigger on humanity,or nuclear weapon?
This is a political cartoons and the limitations with using this source is that the viewer can't see the date when this was produced. This is a limitation because if the viewer knew the date produced it would be easier to connect other historical events in context to this cartoon. However this cartoon displays an issue regarding the issue of mutual assured destruction, which is the doctrine of military strategy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides would effectively result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender. This cartoon displays this idea, both the USSR and the US, both capable of ruining the opposing side is doing everything but using their nuclear weapons, seen shooting arrows but in the Cold War both sides realized that if nuclear war occurred who would be the first to pull the trigger? The cartoon shows the nuclear weapons having a message that "the enemy might retaliate" and when they do it will be ruin for the world. This idea of MAD enhances my understanding on what we are learning in class because it gives reasons for pulling out of Cuba and the US removing missiles from Turkey, both sides fighting but in fear of the same thing, who would be the first to pull the trigger on humanity,or nuclear weapon?
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
Ch 7 Cold War and Europe
"Cold War in Europe" chapter 7
1. How much progress was made towards detente in Europe in 1963-69 and what problems had to be overcome?
a. describe two treaties - test ban treaty, signed by Britain, the USA, and the USSR , which banned the testing of nuclear tests in the atmosphere, water, and in outer space, also the nuclear non-proliferation treaty was signed both of these were significant because they split the world into two blocs, where each was divided into the certain superpowers.
b. why had the US lost some of its moral authority?
This was due to the Vietnam war in which the US was fighting ruthlessly and losing. A wave of anti-Americanism occurred in Europe and in particular with the western allies.
c. what were the Europeans focused on during this time? what made their task easier?
The fall of Khrushchev made it6 easier on negotiations since the next leader of the USSR wasn't as erratic.
d. how did Franc contribute to detente?
1. French forces withdrew from NATO, expelling the headquarters in Paris
2. announced that the European states should liberate themselves of the bloc-mentality of the Cold War
3. began weakening the dollar when the US was going into financial pressure
e. how did the Hamel Report define the role of NATO in the age of detente?
This prevented the political fallout from the Vietnam war destroying the western alliances. It stated that the USSR and the US needed to be under relative terms in order for peace to occur in western Europe. Also the report stated that collective defense was key in stabilizing world politics.
f. what three factors combined to weaken Soviet control over the eastern bloc?
The Soviet retreat from Cuba, the growing atmosphere of detente, and the Sino-Soviet split all combined to weaken the USSR.
g. according to the Bucharest Declaration, what were the goals of the Warsaw Pact for detente?
* recognition of post-war frontiers in eastern Europe
* the creation of a new European security system
* veto on nuclear weapons in Western Germany
* a program for economic, scientific, and technically operations between the East and West.
h. What three steps did Dubcek take in Czechoslovakia, which lead to the Prague Spring?
* abolished censorship, which led to anti-Soviet propaganda in Czechoslovakia
i. How did the Prague Spring end?
Divisions of the Warsaw-Pact came and invaded Czechoslovakia and terminated Prague Spring.
1. How much progress was made towards detente in Europe in 1963-69 and what problems had to be overcome?
a. describe two treaties - test ban treaty, signed by Britain, the USA, and the USSR , which banned the testing of nuclear tests in the atmosphere, water, and in outer space, also the nuclear non-proliferation treaty was signed both of these were significant because they split the world into two blocs, where each was divided into the certain superpowers.
b. why had the US lost some of its moral authority?
This was due to the Vietnam war in which the US was fighting ruthlessly and losing. A wave of anti-Americanism occurred in Europe and in particular with the western allies.
c. what were the Europeans focused on during this time? what made their task easier?
The fall of Khrushchev made it6 easier on negotiations since the next leader of the USSR wasn't as erratic.
d. how did Franc contribute to detente?
1. French forces withdrew from NATO, expelling the headquarters in Paris
2. announced that the European states should liberate themselves of the bloc-mentality of the Cold War
3. began weakening the dollar when the US was going into financial pressure
e. how did the Hamel Report define the role of NATO in the age of detente?
This prevented the political fallout from the Vietnam war destroying the western alliances. It stated that the USSR and the US needed to be under relative terms in order for peace to occur in western Europe. Also the report stated that collective defense was key in stabilizing world politics.
f. what three factors combined to weaken Soviet control over the eastern bloc?
The Soviet retreat from Cuba, the growing atmosphere of detente, and the Sino-Soviet split all combined to weaken the USSR.
g. according to the Bucharest Declaration, what were the goals of the Warsaw Pact for detente?
* recognition of post-war frontiers in eastern Europe
* the creation of a new European security system
* veto on nuclear weapons in Western Germany
* a program for economic, scientific, and technically operations between the East and West.
h. What three steps did Dubcek take in Czechoslovakia, which lead to the Prague Spring?
* abolished censorship, which led to anti-Soviet propaganda in Czechoslovakia
i. How did the Prague Spring end?
Divisions of the Warsaw-Pact came and invaded Czechoslovakia and terminated Prague Spring.
Thursday, February 11, 2010
IRL 1/11/10
http://shs.umsystem.edu/famousmissourians/presidents/truman/images/DispatchJune-16.jpg
This is a political cartoon that was most likely in the daily news by a man by Fitzpatrick. Its purpose is to show the icy relations between the USSR and the US and Great Britain. The world was splitting into two sectors, communism and capitalism during this time and just like we learned in class Germany was a result from these differing views, the Berlin blockade and the Czechoslovakia issue created a split between the western world and the USSR. As seen through a drawing it gives the rest of the world a visual idea of what is happening in Europe. The drawing shows the allies and their foe but the limitation is there is no date on the drawing and if there was a date it would add to the value of the cartoon. For example if it was 1948 the Berlin airlift would directly parallel to it.
This is a political cartoon that was most likely in the daily news by a man by Fitzpatrick. Its purpose is to show the icy relations between the USSR and the US and Great Britain. The world was splitting into two sectors, communism and capitalism during this time and just like we learned in class Germany was a result from these differing views, the Berlin blockade and the Czechoslovakia issue created a split between the western world and the USSR. As seen through a drawing it gives the rest of the world a visual idea of what is happening in Europe. The drawing shows the allies and their foe but the limitation is there is no date on the drawing and if there was a date it would add to the value of the cartoon. For example if it was 1948 the Berlin airlift would directly parallel to it.
Tuesday, February 2, 2010
IRL
http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1903717,00.html
This is article comes from Time magazine and it brings together past events and current events associated with Korea, China, and the US. Back during the end of the Korean war a truce was signed and it is now confirmed that North Korea has been taken off that armistice and is involving themselves with nuclear weapons. The US as before still sides with South Korea and China with North Korea, however current events unlike past events are much more catastrophic in terms of damage. This adds value to the fact that we should learn from history and the idea that history repeats itself. Conflict never ended between these countries which brings us to current problems. The 38'th parallel has established a well defined line of communism and fear to the South which is more democratic. However the limitations of this article are that we are strictly getting the viewpoint from the US and South Korea and none from North Korea, which is not surprising since it's hard to get comments out of their mouths and journalists into their countries.
This is article comes from Time magazine and it brings together past events and current events associated with Korea, China, and the US. Back during the end of the Korean war a truce was signed and it is now confirmed that North Korea has been taken off that armistice and is involving themselves with nuclear weapons. The US as before still sides with South Korea and China with North Korea, however current events unlike past events are much more catastrophic in terms of damage. This adds value to the fact that we should learn from history and the idea that history repeats itself. Conflict never ended between these countries which brings us to current problems. The 38'th parallel has established a well defined line of communism and fear to the South which is more democratic. However the limitations of this article are that we are strictly getting the viewpoint from the US and South Korea and none from North Korea, which is not surprising since it's hard to get comments out of their mouths and journalists into their countries.
Monday, February 1, 2010
SGQ 13
IBHL1 SGQ13
Guiding questions:
Why did the Cold War spread from Europe to other parts of the world after 1950?
For what reasons, and with what results for East-West relations, did the superpowers become involved
in the affairs of one of the following: Korea; Vietnam; the Middle East?
What were the effects of the Korean War on international relations?
MWH p. 143-147
1. Background
a. Explain the evolution of control of Korea from 1910 to 1948
Japanese control since 1910, in 1945 US and USSR divided country, Russia to the north and US to the south. The German invasion always left the never leaving political strife.
b. What was the leadership situation in Korea in 1949?
US: Syngman Rhee (IRK)
USSR: Kim Sung 2'nd (DPRK)
The troops withdrew from both sides which caused a dangerous situation because both leaders believed they had total control over the country. But Sung was worst because he took over like Stalin with murder and ruthless authoritarianism. Both leaders hated the artificial division.
2. Why did the North invade the South?
Possible answers:
a. Kim's idea - own idea, possibly encouraged by a statement made by Acheson, US sec. of state in 1950. He was talking about which areas around the Pacific the US intended to defend and for some reason Korea wasn't there.
b. Chinese role - encouraged because at the same time their govn't was massing troops in Fukien province facing Taiwan, as if they where about to attack Chiang Kai-Shek.
c. Russian role - testing Truman doctrine; USSR had supplied Korea with tanks and other equipment for a communist takeover of the south because it would strengthen Russia's position in the Pacific and be a gesture against the Americans, to make up for Stalin's failure in West Berlin
d. S. Korea's role - communist claimed that South Korea had started the war when the troops of the 'bandit traitor' Syngman Rhee had crossed the 38'th parallel. However many believe nowadays that unification of the peninsula was the issues but the USSR and US didn't want to get directly involved.
3. What did the USA do?
a. Why did Truman decide to intervene?
i. he was convinced that the act was Stalin's doing; saw it as a challenge and a new facet to spread communism.
ii. Many saw the invasions similar to that of Hitler's policies during the 30s. Appeasements of the aggressors had failed then, and therefore was essential to not make the same mistake again.
iii. He thought it would be important to support the UN, since it replace the League of Nations in order to maintain peace. Truman feared that it if failure to back this up it would lead to rise of more powers not needed due to lack of action.
iv. Since he was a democratic he was taking a lot of heat for not responding to communism from the republicans so he wanted to prove them wrong that in fact he would do something to prove them wrong.
b. What nations joined the US in support of S. Korea?
Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Nationalist CHina, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Colombia, Greece, Turkey, Panama, Phillipines, Thailand, and Britian
c. Briefly summarize the course of the war in 1950
arrival insured that the overtake of the communists wouldn't happen but the arrival of the Chinese in counter attack led to the idea that a full fledged was wasn't in the US's cards at the moment so a new general was elected.
d. How and why did China get involved?
McArthur wanted to invade Manchuria and create total war however Truman saw this unfit and called him out before he could. However China was alarmed and sent in lots of troops in order for this not to happen
e. How did the war end?
peace aggreament took two years and it was decided that the frontier should be roughly along the 38'th parallel where the war began,
4. What were the results of the war?
a. Korea - was majorly devastated due to many deaths and the separation arised suspicion from each state that might have led to constant ceasefire violations.
b. the US -could claim it a success to contain communism, plus American rearmament, dissuaded further nations to join communism. However republicans felt we lost an opportunity to destroy communism in China
c. the UN - reversed an act of aggression and used its authority. However communists denounced as a tool for communism
d. China - arised as world power because they were able to stop the US and stop the unification of Korea therefore the rejection of the UN was unreasonable.
e. the Cold War- new strains for US in terms of Russian and now China. Communism was still big in China so the US tried to put as many bases around China as possible and as many foreign influence around that general area of the Pacific so it wouldn't spread.
Guiding questions:
Why did the Cold War spread from Europe to other parts of the world after 1950?
For what reasons, and with what results for East-West relations, did the superpowers become involved
in the affairs of one of the following: Korea; Vietnam; the Middle East?
What were the effects of the Korean War on international relations?
MWH p. 143-147
1. Background
a. Explain the evolution of control of Korea from 1910 to 1948
Japanese control since 1910, in 1945 US and USSR divided country, Russia to the north and US to the south. The German invasion always left the never leaving political strife.
b. What was the leadership situation in Korea in 1949?
US: Syngman Rhee (IRK)
USSR: Kim Sung 2'nd (DPRK)
The troops withdrew from both sides which caused a dangerous situation because both leaders believed they had total control over the country. But Sung was worst because he took over like Stalin with murder and ruthless authoritarianism. Both leaders hated the artificial division.
2. Why did the North invade the South?
Possible answers:
a. Kim's idea - own idea, possibly encouraged by a statement made by Acheson, US sec. of state in 1950. He was talking about which areas around the Pacific the US intended to defend and for some reason Korea wasn't there.
b. Chinese role - encouraged because at the same time their govn't was massing troops in Fukien province facing Taiwan, as if they where about to attack Chiang Kai-Shek.
c. Russian role - testing Truman doctrine; USSR had supplied Korea with tanks and other equipment for a communist takeover of the south because it would strengthen Russia's position in the Pacific and be a gesture against the Americans, to make up for Stalin's failure in West Berlin
d. S. Korea's role - communist claimed that South Korea had started the war when the troops of the 'bandit traitor' Syngman Rhee had crossed the 38'th parallel. However many believe nowadays that unification of the peninsula was the issues but the USSR and US didn't want to get directly involved.
3. What did the USA do?
a. Why did Truman decide to intervene?
i. he was convinced that the act was Stalin's doing; saw it as a challenge and a new facet to spread communism.
ii. Many saw the invasions similar to that of Hitler's policies during the 30s. Appeasements of the aggressors had failed then, and therefore was essential to not make the same mistake again.
iii. He thought it would be important to support the UN, since it replace the League of Nations in order to maintain peace. Truman feared that it if failure to back this up it would lead to rise of more powers not needed due to lack of action.
iv. Since he was a democratic he was taking a lot of heat for not responding to communism from the republicans so he wanted to prove them wrong that in fact he would do something to prove them wrong.
b. What nations joined the US in support of S. Korea?
Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Nationalist CHina, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Colombia, Greece, Turkey, Panama, Phillipines, Thailand, and Britian
c. Briefly summarize the course of the war in 1950
arrival insured that the overtake of the communists wouldn't happen but the arrival of the Chinese in counter attack led to the idea that a full fledged was wasn't in the US's cards at the moment so a new general was elected.
d. How and why did China get involved?
McArthur wanted to invade Manchuria and create total war however Truman saw this unfit and called him out before he could. However China was alarmed and sent in lots of troops in order for this not to happen
e. How did the war end?
peace aggreament took two years and it was decided that the frontier should be roughly along the 38'th parallel where the war began,
4. What were the results of the war?
a. Korea - was majorly devastated due to many deaths and the separation arised suspicion from each state that might have led to constant ceasefire violations.
b. the US -could claim it a success to contain communism, plus American rearmament, dissuaded further nations to join communism. However republicans felt we lost an opportunity to destroy communism in China
c. the UN - reversed an act of aggression and used its authority. However communists denounced as a tool for communism
d. China - arised as world power because they were able to stop the US and stop the unification of Korea therefore the rejection of the UN was unreasonable.
e. the Cold War- new strains for US in terms of Russian and now China. Communism was still big in China so the US tried to put as many bases around China as possible and as many foreign influence around that general area of the Pacific so it wouldn't spread.
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